Definitions on the side Flashcards
An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure is known as ________.
Authority Having Jurisdiction (a.k.a AHJ)
-Chapter 1
______ is the use of a single organization to design and build a facility to minimize risks for the project owner.
Design-Build (may also be refer to a design-build firm)
-Chapter 1
_______ are guidelines applied to basic units of a project that cause the items to work together as a unified, completely finished item that serves a purpose within established parameters. Units can include materials, concepts, and setting.
Design-Principles
-Chapter 1
_______ is a set of rules developed by a standards organization and adopted as law by a governmental body to regulate the minimum requirements for construction, renovation, and maintenance of buildings.
Building Code
-Chapter 1
_____ is authorization issued from the appropriate authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) before any new construction, addition, renovation, alteration, or demolition of buildings or structures occurs.
Building-Permit
-Chapter 1
______ is a group of people, usually 5 to 7, with experience in fire prevention, building construction, and/or code enforcement, who are legally constituted to arbitrate differences of opinion between fire and building officials, property owners, occupants or builders.
Board of Appeals
-Chapter 1
____ is a strategy to reduce the overall time for completion of a project by merging the design and construction phases. Often used in conjunction with design-build.
Fast-Track Construction
-Chapter 1
_____ is the assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs, in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response.
Preincident Survey (a.k.a Preplan)
-Chapter 1
_____ is the act of preparing to manage an incident at a particular location or a particular type of incident before an incident occurs.
Preincident Planning (a.k.a Prefire Inspection, Prefire Planning, Preincident Inspection, Preincident Survey, or Preplanning)
-Chapter 1
____ is the code that is dedicated to providing safety regulations for life safety, structural, and fire protection issues that occur throughout the life of a building.
International Building Code (a.k.a IBC)
-Chapter 1
_____ is the organization that develops the International Building Code (IBC) and the International Fire Code (IFC), for city and state adoption. Was formed by the merger of the Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) International, Inc., the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), and the Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI).
International Code Council (a.k.a ICC)
-Chapter 1
____ means incapable of supporting combustion under normal circumstances.
Noncombustible
-Chapter 1
_____ is the total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area, including interior finish and trim, expressed in heat units of the equivalent weight in wood.
Fuel Load
-Chapter 1
_____ is the total amount of heat produced or released to the atmosphere from the convective-lift phase of a dire, per unit mass of fuel consumed per unit time. Heat released when a material burns, expressed in kilowatts or British Thermal Units (Btu).
Heat Release Rate (a.k.a HRR)
-Chapter 1
____ is the federal statute intended to remove barriers, physical and otherwise, that limit access by individuals with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990- Public Law 101-336
-Chapter 1
_____ is a space protected from fire in the normal means of egress either by an approved sprinkler system, separation from other spaces within the same building by smokeproof walls, or location in an adjacent building. Area where persons who are unable to use stairs can temporarily wait for instructions or assistance during an emergency building evacuation.
Area of Refuge
-Chapter 1
____ is the distance from the street line to the front of a building.
Setback
-Chapter 1
_____ is the process of restoring rundown or deteriorated properties by more affluent people, often displacing poorer residents.
Gentrification
-Chapter 1
_____ is the incorporation of environmental principles including energy efficiency and environmentally friendly building materials into design and construction.
Green Design
-Chapter 1
_____ is a building built before securing a tenant or occupant.
Spec Building (Spec is short for speculation)
-Chapter 1
____ is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste.
Aesthetics
-Chapter 1
____ is a large uncontrollable fire covering a considerable area and crossing fire barriers such as streets and waterways; usually involves buildings in more than one block and causes a substantial fire loss. Forest fires can also be considered this.
Conflagrations
-Chapter 1
____ is the movement of fire from one material (source) to another (exposure). May occur within a compartment or across a break.
Fire Spread
-Chapter 1
____ is the flow of heat from a hot substance to a cold substance; may be accomplished by convection, conduction, or radiation.
Heat Transfer
-Chapter 1
____ is the transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluids or gases, usually in an upward direction.
Convection
-Chapter 1
_____ is the transmission of transfer of heat energy, from one body to another body at a lower temperature, through intervening space by electromagnetic waves similar to radio waves or X-rays.
Thermal Radiation
-Chapter 1
____ structures or separate parts of the fireground to which a fire could spread. The heat effect from an external fire that might cause ignition of or damage to an exposed building.
Exposure
-Chapter 1
_____ is the line, area, or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area.
Wildland/Urban Interface
-Chapter 1
______ is a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.
Combustion
-Chapter 1
____ is the computer software application that relates physical features on the earth to a database to be used for mapping and analysis. The system captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that refers to or is linked to a location.
Geographic Information Systems (a.k.a GIS)
-Chapter 1
____ is any substance, except plain water, that when applied to another material or substance will reduce the flammability of fuels or slow their rate of combustion by chemical or physical activity.
Fire RETARDant ;)
-Chapter 2
____ are solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit the vertical and horizontal spread of fire and the products or combustion; installed in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in PENETRATIONS for plumbing or electrical installations, in PENETRATIONS of a fire-rated assembly, or in COCKlofts and crawl spaces.
Fire Stop
-Chapter 2
_____ is a building code classification based on the use to which owners or tenants put building or portions of buildings. Regulated by the various building and dire codes.
Occupancy (a.k.a Occupancy Classification)
-Chapter 2
____ is the maximum amount of heat that can be released if all fuel in a given area is consumed; expressed in pounds per square foot by dividing the amount of fuel present by the floor area. Used as a measure of the potential heat release of a fire within a compartment.
Fire Load
(Similar to Fuel Load and Heat of Combustion)
-Chapter 2
_____ is the total amount of thermal energy (heat) that could be generated by the combustion (oxidation) reaction if a fuel were completely burned. The heat of combustion is measured in British Thermal Units (Btu) per pound, kilojoules per gram, or Megajoules per kilogram.
Heat of Combustion
-Chapter 2
_____ is the ability of a structural assembly or material to maintain its load-bearing ability under fire conditions.
Fire Resistance
-Chapter 2
_____ is the rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization; identifies the amount of time a material or assembly will resist a typical fire, as measured on a standard time-temperature curve.
Fire Resistance Rating
-Chapter 2
_____ in physics, is any interaction that may change the motion of an object. Simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds (kilograms).
Force
-Chapter 3
_____ is any effect that a structure must be designed to resist, including the forces of gravity, wind, earthquakes, or soil pressure.
Load
-Chapter 3
____ are factors that work against the strength of any piece of apparatus, equipment, or structural support. Measurement of force intensity is calculated as force divided by area.
Stress
-Chapter 3
____ is the condition of balance that exists when a structural system is capable of supporting the applied load.
Equilibrium
-Chapter 3
____ is a reaction within a structural component that opposes a vertical load. When the bending moment is exceeded, the component will fail. *(Bending stress can be calculated from this)
Bending Moment
-Chapter 3
_____ is the force acting to draw an object toward the earth’s center; force is equal to the object’s weight.
Gravity (a.k.a G)
-Chapter 3
____ is the horizontal movement of air relative to the surface of the earth.
Wind
-Chapter 3
_____ is the vertical or horizontal force that pulls material apart.
Tension
-Chapter 3
_____ is the stress in a structural member that tends to stretch the member or pull it apart. Often used to denote the greatest amount of force a component can withstand without failure.
Tensile Stress
-Chapter 3
_____ is the vertical and/or horizontal forces that push the mass of a material together.
Compression
-Chapter 3
_____ is the stress resulting when two forces act on a body in opposite directions in parallel adjacent planes.
Shear Stress
-Chapter 3
____ is the theoretical slice of a 3-dimensional structural component to enable area and stress calculations.
Cross-Section
-Chapter 3
_____ is the load applied to the center of the cross-section of a member and perpendicular to that cross-section. It can be either tensile or compressive and creates uniform stresses across the cross-section of the material.
Axial Load
-Chapter 3
_____ is the load perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member, but which does not pass through the center of the cross-section. It also creates stresses that vary across the cross-section and may be both tensile and compressive.
Eccentric Load
-Chapter 3
_____ is the load applied off-center from the cross-section of the structural component and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section; produces a twisting effect that creates shear stresses in a material.
Torsional Load
-Chapter 3
____ is the point at which material ceases to perform satisfactorily; depending on the application, this can involve breaking, permanent deformation, excessive deflection, or vibration.
Failure Point
-Chapter 3
_____ is the ratio of the failure point of a material to the maximum design stress; indicates the strength of a structure beyond the expected or actual loads.
Factor of Safety
-Chapter 3
____ is the weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other features permanently attached to the building are constant and immobile.
Dead Load
-Chapter 3
_____ are items within a building that are movable but are not included as a permanent part of the structure. It is also the force placed upon a structure by the addition of people, objects, or weather.
Live Load
-Chapter 3
_____ is the load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually.
Static Load
-Chapter 3
______ are loads that involve motion, including impact from wind, falling objects and vibration.
Dynamic Load (a.k.a Shock Loading)
-Chapter 3
_____ is the load that is applied at one point or over a small area.
Concentrated Load
-Chapter 3
_____ is the process of removing water from a building.
Dewatering
-Chapter 3
_____ is the energy possessed by a moving object because of its motion.
Kinetic Energy
-Chapter 3
____ is when air pressure is less than that of the surrounding atmosphere; a partial vacuum.
Negative Pressure
-Chapter 3
_____ are forces produced by earthquakes travel in waves. These are the most complex forces that can be exerted on a building.
Seismic Forces
-Chapter 3
_____ is an area of discontinuity in the earth’s crust associated with movement by tectonic plates.
Fault
-Chapter 3
_____ is the movement of a shock wave through the ground or structure after a large detonation; may cause additional damage to surrounding structures.
Seismic Effect
-Chapter 3
_____ is the application of forces caused by earthquakes.
Seismic Load
-Chapter 3
____ is the load that exerts a horizontal force against a structure. Calculated as a live load; includes seismic activity and soil pressure against vertical restraints such as retaining walls and foundations.
Lateral Load
-Chapter 3
____ is the side-to-side, swaying motion.
Horizontal Motion
-Chapter 3
_____ are movements of relatively large amplitude resulting from a small force applied at the natural frequency of a structure.
Resonance
-Chapter 3
______ are structural accommodation that allows building sections to move independently of each other; often installed in concrete.
Expansion Joints (Modern expansion joints may be fire-rated)
-Chapter 3
____ is a structural element designed to control vibration from resonance.
Damping Mechanism
-Chapter 3
_____ is a system of structural elements that create a joint between a building and its base to minimize seismic force effects on the main structure. The type of system may be customized to the type of seismic forces expected in an area.
Base Isolation
-Chapter 3
_____ is the generic term for rubber-like materials including natural rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene, and silicone rubber used in facepiece seals, low-pressure hoses, and similar SCBA components.
Elastomer
-Chapter 3
_____ is the use or addition of structural supports to improve the ability of a structure to withstand forces imposed by loads. Often indicated supplemental reinforcement to accommodate specific types of loads, such as earthquake forces.
Structural Stiffness
-Chapter 3
_____ is the structural component loaded perpendicular to its length. Primarily resists bending stress characterized by compression in the top portion and tension in the bottom portion.
Beam
-Chapter 3
_____ is the horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Drywall materials are nailed or screwed to the ceiling joists, and the subfloor is nailed or screwed to the floor joists.
Joists
-Chapter 3
_____ is a projecting beam or slab supported at one end.
Cantilever
-Chapter 3
_____ are the compressive and tensile stresses in a beam. When the stresses are not held in equilibrium, the beam will bend and ultimately fail.
Bending Stress (Calculated from the Bending Movement- the amount of stress at which a structural member bends from its original alignment)
-Chapter 3
____ the single or paired external ridges or rims on a beam that do most of the work of supporting a load.
Flange
-Chapter 3
_____ is the wide vertical part of a beam between thick ridges (flanges) at the top and bottom of the beam; secondary member of a truss contained between chords.
Web (a.k.a Diagonals)
-Chapter 3
_____ is the vertical member designed to support an axial load and compressive stresses.
Column
-Chapter 3
____ is the curved structural members using compressive internal stresses.
Arch
(Arches develop inclined reactions at their supports)
-Chapter 3
