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psych - psychopathology > definitions of abnormality > Flashcards

definitions of abnormality Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four definitions of abnormality?

A

Statistical infrequency
Deviation from social norms
Failure to function adequately
Deviation from ideal mental health

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2
Q

What is statistical infrequency?

A

Less common characteristic than majority of population

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3
Q

What is normal distribution?

A

Majority of scores cluster around the average

Further above or below average, the less people have that score

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4
Q

What is the average IQ?

A

100

68% have 85-115

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5
Q

What is an abnormal IQ?

A

2% have below 70

Intellectual disability disorder

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6
Q

Evaluation of statistical infrequency - real life application

A

Intellectual disability disorder diagnosis
All assessment of mental disorders includes measures of statistical norms
Useful part of clinical assessment

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7
Q

Evaluation of statistical infrequency - unusual characteristics can be positive

A

High IQ is as uncommon as low IQ
Super intelligence is not undesirable
Statistically infrequent does not always require treatment
Can’t use this to make a diagnosis alone

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8
Q

Evaluation of statistical infrequency - not everyone benefits from a label

A

Happy fulfilled life
No need for abnormal label
Low IQ may not cause distress
Might have a negative effect on self perception

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9
Q

What is deviation from social norms?

A

Behaviour different from accepted standards in community or society

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10
Q

How are social norms specific to our cultures?

A

Nothing is universally against social norms

Homosexuality is abnormal in some cultures but not others

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11
Q

How is ADD against social norms?

A

Antisocial personality disorder
Aggressive
Absence of prosocial internal standards - failure to conform
Don’t conform to our moral standards

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12
Q

Deviation from social norms evaluation - not a sole explanation

A

Other factors must be considered in diagnosis
ADD - distress to others
Never the sole reason

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13
Q

Deviation from social norms evaluation - cultural relativism

A

Vary between generations and cultures
Hearing voices acceptable in some cultures
Mentally abnormal in UK
Problems for a person of a culture living within another culture

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14
Q

Deviation from social norms evaluation - leads to human rights abuses

A

Draperomania - black slaves running away

Used to maintain control over minorities

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15
Q

Social vs statistical norms evaluation

A

Social norms takes desirability into account
Statistical infrequency does not
Genius is not against social norms

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16
Q

What is failure to function adequately?

A

Unable to cope with demands of day to day life

17
Q

Who proposed the signs that someone is failing to function?

A

Rosenhan and Seligman

18
Q

When is someone failing to function adequately?

A

No longer conforms to interpersonal rules EG eye contact, personal space
Severe personal distress
Irrational or dangerous behaviour

19
Q

How is IDD diagnosed using failure to function adequately?

A

Person with low IQ who is distressed, cannot function

20
Q

Failure to function adequately evaluation - patient’s perspective

A

Includes experience of individual
Captures experience of people who need help
Useful

21
Q

Failure to function adequately evaluation - is it simply deviation from social norms?

A 
Hard to differentiate
Alternative lifestyles
Extreme sports - behaving dangerously?
Irrational religious beliefs
Limiting personal beliefs
22
Q

Failure to function adequately evaluation - subjective judgements

A

Patients may be distressed but not suffering
Checklists like Global Assessment of Functioning Scale
Someone must make decision

23
Q

What is deviation from ideal mental health?

A

Does not meet criterial for good mental health

24
Q

What are Jahoda’s criteria for ideal mental health?

A 
No symptoms or distress
Rational, perceive self accurately
Self actualise
Cope with stress
Realistic view of world
Good self esteem, lack guilt
Independent
Successfully work, love, enjoy
25
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health evaluation - comprehensive

A

Broad criteria
Covers most reasons someone would seek help
Good tool

26
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health evaluation - cultural relativism

A

Specific to Western culture

Self actualisation considered self indulgent - individualist

27
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health evaluation - unrealistically high standard for mental health

A

None of us achieve all at the same time
Positive - makes it clear how to improve our health
Negative - no value

psych - psychopathology (10 decks)

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