definitions of abnormality Flashcards
what does the statisitical definition state?
abnormality is 2+ or 2- standard deviations away from the mean (the stastitisically calculated average). the mean= ‘normal’ behaviour. applicable to phobias, anxiety and intelligence
what is a strength of the statistical definition?
it is objective when based on reliable data. all psychologists will achieve the same results from the normal distribution curve and so results are objective.
how do psychologists measure abnormality using the statistical definition?
the normal distribution curve. statistically speaking, 2 more or 2 less standard deviations away from the mean is where normal behaviour ends
what is a weakness of the statistical definition? (IQs etc)
there are some behaviours which this definition classifiy as abnormal and undesirable, but in reality they aren’t seen like this. for example, having a high IQ: because it is incommon this definition classifies it as abnormal, but it isn’t undesireable. same with depression. Cannot differentiate between positive and negative abnormality and so undermines its ability to explain it
what is a weakness of the statistical definition? (unncessary)
it can lead to self fulfilling prophecy: people acting in a way they feel is required. before diagnosis, people can be perfectly happy and content but after diagnosis they can change and start to act in a way that fulfills their label. unneccessary: doesnt necessarily help
how does the social norms defy abnormality?
social norms= standards of accepted/expected behaviour within society. deviation= abnormal. social norms are culturally specific and there is no universal agreement. rules/expectations not laws
what is a strength of social norms definition?
high face validity: it is more applicable than statisitcal definition as it matches what is expected in daily life. can differentiate between positive and negativhat e abnormality and is effective in terms of its stated aims
what is a limitation of social norms?
lacks historical validity: social norms change over time.i.e. being gay used to be abnormal and now totally acceptable. allows us to make definitions based on prevailling social morals and attitudes. do we want a definition that gives someone the power to cast others aside based on subjective judgement, ie hitler and the jews
how does deviation from ideal mental health defy abnormality ?
Jahoda said absence of physical health means physical illness and linked it to mental health: abscence of ideal mental health results in abnormality. ideal mental health includes self attitude, personal growth, integration, autonomy, accurate perception of reality and mastery of the environment.
what are 2 limitations of deviation from ideal mental health definition?
- unrealistic critea: absence of how many before classification of abnormality? and difficult to measure (ie mastery of the environment). unable to fully explain abnormality.
- cannot link physical and mental health, they cannot be diagnosed in the same way, decreases validity
how does failure to function adequately defy abnormality?
if an individual cannot do everyday, basic things they are classified as not functioning and thus, abnormal. 6 areas are assessed including: understanding/communicating, life activities, participation in society, self care etc.
what are two limitations of failing to function?
- subjective judgement= an individual might classify themselves as content/unaware they aren’t functioning and so other people make this judgement: matter of opinion.
- some behaviours are functional not dysfunctional: some mental disorders can lead to extra attention for the individual which can have a positive impact on their life and so their behaviour is functional not dysfunctional
