Definitions Of Abnormality Flashcards

1
Q

Define Deviation from Social Norms

A

Behaviour goes against expectations of a community or culture, or what most people do

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2
Q

Outline jahodas criteria for good mental health

A

Jahoda produced criteria for good mental health:
- Self-attitude
- Perception of reality
- Autonomy
- Resistance to stress
- Self-actualisation
- Environmental mastery

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3
Q

Examples of deviation from social norms

A
  • Drinking alcohol with breakfast
  • Selfies at a funeral
  • Cheating in an exam
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4
Q

Pros of defining abnormality through deviation from social norms

A

real life application - disorders like antisocial personality disorder ( ‘failure to conform to normative
behaviour’) can be assessed and diagnosed

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5
Q

Cons of defining abnormality through deviation from social norms

A
  • Reductionist - doesn’t consider factors such as distress
    • Cultural relativism - what is normal in one cultural may not be in another
    • Poor temporal validity - social norms have changed over time
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6
Q

Examples of deviation from ideal mental health

A
  • Negative self-worth
  • Being dependent on others
  • Not able to deal with daily stresses
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7
Q

Pros of defining abnormality through ideal mental health

A
  • Comprehensive definition - includes all the reasons why someone might seek help
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8
Q

Cons of defining abnormality through deviation from ideal mental health

A
  • Cultural relativism - ideas like self-actualisation are specific to Western cultures
  • Unrealistically high standards - few people will achieve all / most of the ideals
  • Subjective
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9
Q

develop to full capabilities

A

Self-actualisation

The realization or fulfillment of one’s talents and potential

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10
Q

high self-esteem and a personal identity

A

Self-attitude

A positive view of oneself and a strong sense of self

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11
Q

being able to cope with stressful situations

A

Resistance to stress

The ability to manage and withstand pressure and tension

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12
Q

adjusting to new environments

A

Environmental mastery

The ability to adapt and control one’s surroundings

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13
Q

seeing life as it really is, not in a way that nobody else perceives it

A

Perception of reality

Having an accurate understanding of the world and one’s place in it

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14
Q

being independent and looking after yourself

A

Autonomy

Independence and self-reliance

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15
Q

What are the signs proposed by Rosenhan and Seligman for failing to cope with the demands of everyday life?

A

Personal distress
Observer discomfort
Unpredictability
Irrationality
Maladaptiveness
Violation of moral and ideal standards

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16
Q

Examples of failure to cope with everyday life

A
  • Washing hands religiously
  • Not sleeping
17
Q

Pros of defining abnormality through failure to function adequately

A
  • Recognises individual’s perspective
    • Can help to explain mental disorders
18
Q

Cons of defining abmormality through failure to function adequately

A
  • Difficult to distinguish from deviation from social norms
    • Based on subjective judgements by psychiatrists
19
Q

Definition of Abnormality: Statistical Infrequency

A

Numerically unusual behaviour

20
Q

Bleh

A
21
Q

ExMples of statistical infrequency

A
  • iq
  • height
  • weight
22
Q

Pros to defining abnormality through statistical infrequency

A

Objective and simple to assess

23
Q

Cons to defining abnormality through statistical infrequency

A

Unusual characteristics can be positive (e.g. very high intelligence!)
• Not everyone ‘unusual’ benefits
from a label
• Ignores individual differences