Definitions of Abnormality

Question 1

What are the 4 definitions of abnormality?

Answer 1

• Statistical Infrequency
• Deviation from Social Norms
• Failure to Function Adequately
• Deviation from Ideal Mental Health

Question 2

Define statistical infrequency

Answer 2

Behaviour that is rarely seen, is ‘abnormal’:
- Any relatively ‘usual’, or often seen, behaviour is thought of as ‘normal’.
- Any behaviour that is different, or rare, is considered ‘abnormal’ – i.e. a statistical infrequency.

Question 3

Define deviation from social norms

Answer 3

Abnormality is based on social context:
- When a person behaves in a way that is different from how
they are expected to behave they may be defined as abnormal.
- Societies and social groups make collective judgements about ‘correct’ behaviours in particular circumstances.

Question 4

Define failure to function adequately

Answer 4

Inability to cope with everyday living:
- A person may cross the line between normal and
abnormal at the point that they cannot deal with the
demands of everyday life.
- (E.g. Not being able to hold down a job, maintain
relationships or maintain basic standards of nutrition
and hygiene.)

Question 5

Define deviation of ideal mental health

Answer 5

Only those who meet all of Jahoda’s criteria can be classed as having ideal mental health.
So, when someone doesn’t meet
even one of these criteria, they are deviating from ideal mental
health.

Question 6

What are Jahoda’s Criteria

Answer 6

Jahoda (1958) suggested the following 8 criteria for ideal mental health:
- We have no symptoms or distress.
- We are rational and perceive ourselves accurately.
- We self-actualise.
- We can cope with stress.
- We have a realistic view of the world.
- We have a good self-esteem and lack of guilt.
- We are independent of other people.
- We can successfully work, love and enjoy our leisure.