Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology unit 1 > Definitions-Molecules, Transport, and Health > Flashcards

Definitions-Molecules, Transport, and Health Flashcards

1
Q

Accuracy

A

How close the data is to the correct or accepted value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causation

A

A relationship between two values or pieces of data where one influences the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Correlation

A

An observed relationship between two completely seperate values or pieces of data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Precision

A

How close the repeated values of an experiment are to each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data in the form of non-numerical qualities and characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Quantitative data

A

Data in the form of measurable numbers and statistics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reliability

A

The ability to get consistent and repeatable results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Validity

A

How well the data measures what it is supposed to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alpha glucose

A

An isomer of glucose which has the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon-1 below the plane of the ring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amylopectin

A

A branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,6 glycosidic bonds that make up starch along with amylose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amylose

A

An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds that make up starch along with amylopectin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beta glucose

A

An isomer of glucose which has the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon-1 above the plane of the ring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dipole

A

A molecule which has an unequal distribution of electrons which causes atoms in the molecules to have partial charges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disaccharides

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ester bond

A

A type of bond formed by a condensation reaction which joins the hydrogen (H) of each fatty acid tail to hydroxy (OH) of the glycerol molecule in a triglyceride.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fatty acid

A

A chain of carbon atoms with the end carbon possessing a carboxyl group (COOH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fructose

A

A monosaccharide which, when combined with glucose, orms the disaccharide sucrose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Galactose

A

A monosaccharide which, when combined with glucose, forms the disaccharide lactose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glucose

A

A monosaccharide with the molecular ormula C6H12O6.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glycogen

A

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glycosidic bonds

A

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules, involving the use of a water molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lactose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Maltose
A disaccharide made of two molecules of glucose joined by a glycosidic bond.
26
Monosaccharide
The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.
27
Polysaccharide
Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.
28
Saturated fatty acid
A type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
29
Saturated lipid
A lipid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
30
Solvent
A substance which solutes can dissolve into, to form a solution.
31
Starch
A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants.
32
Triglyceride
A type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by 3 ester bonds to three fatty acid molecules.
33
Unsaturated fatty acid
A type of fatty acid molecules containing at least one double bond in the carbon chain.
34
Unsaturated lipid
A lipid which contains at least one C=C double bond.
35
Affinity
The tendency of one substance to bind with another substance.
36
Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from teh heart to the rest of the body at a high pressure.
37
Arteriole
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.
38
Artery
A type of blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart.
39
Atrial systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following diastole where the atria contract and forces the blood into the ventricles.
40
Capillary
A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter (one endothelial cell thick) used for the substance exchange in tissues.
41
Cardiac diastole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following ventricular systole where the atria and ventricles are both relaxed and blood flows into the atria.
42
Circulation
A type of mass transport that overcomes the limitations of diffusion in meeting the requirements of organisms.
43
Coronary artery
The main artery that supplies the heart tissue with oxygenated blood.
44
Diffusion
The passive spreading out of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) without the use of energy.
45
Fetal haemoglobin
The higher affinity form of haemoglobin found in the blood of a developing fetus.
46
Haemoglobin
The oxygen carrying conjugated protein found in erythrocytes which has a quaternary structure made of two alpha and two beta chains which each contain a haem prosthetic group.
47
Left atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein and passes it on to the left ventricle.
48
Left ventricle
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the rest of the body.
49
Mass transport
The bulk transport of substances to all parts of an organism using mass flow.
50
Oxygen affinity
The continuous relationship between haemoglobin oxygen saturation and oxygen tension.
51
Oxygen dissociation curve
A graph that describes the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the percentage saturation of haemoglobin in the blood.
52
Pulmonary artery
The main artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs from to the lungs for reoxygenation.
53
Pulmonary vein
The main vein that carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs and back to the heart.
54
Right atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood directly from the vena cava and passes it on to the right ventricle.
55
Right ventricle
The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation.
56
The Bohr effect
A decrease in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen in areas with high carbon dioxide concentration.
57
Vein
A type of blood vessel that carries blood at lower pressure into the heart from other parts of the body,
58
Vena cava
The main vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart.
59
Ventricular systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following atrial systole where the ventricles contract and force the blood out of the heart and around the body.
60
Venule
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects veins with capillaries.
61
Anticoagulants
A class of anti-thrombotic drug that slows the normal process of blood clot formation and is used as a treatment for CVD.
62
Anti hypertensives
A class of drug that is used as a treatment for high blood pressure (hypertension).
63
Anti oxidants
Molecules that inhibit the oxidation o other molecules. Oxidation can lead to chain reactions that may damage cells.
64
Atherosclerosis
A disease characterized by a buildup of plaque within arteries which narrows them and can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
65
Blood clot
A gelatinous mass of fibrin and blood cells formed by the coagulation of blood.
66
Body mass index (BMI)
A method of measuring a person's weight with respect to their height to calculate whether they are of a healthy weight or not.
67
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
A term used to describe a group of diseases related to the heart and blood vessels.
68
Cholesterol
An essential component of plasma membranes and myelin, the substance surrounding many nerve fibers. It is necessary for the formation of certain hormones and vitamin D.
69
Coagulation
The process of blood turning into a gel and forming a clot, often in response to a broken blood vessel to prevent blood loss.
70
Coronary heart disease
A condition in which the blood supply to the heart is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.
71
Endothelial dysfunction
The failure of the endothelial layer (the inner lining) of the small arteries to perform its functions normally.
72
Fibrin
An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen under the action of the thrombin which is used to seal the wound during blood clotting.
73
Fibrinogen
A soluble protein which is the precursor of insoluble fibrin, which is used to seal the wound during blood clotting.
74
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
A dense molecule made of protein and lipids that is used to remove cholesterol from tissues and transport it to the liver for excretion.
75
Inflammatory response
A response triggered by the buildup of cholesterol and fatty acids, which involves white blood cells arriving at the site of endothelial damage.
76
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
A lower density molecule made of proteins and lipids that is used to transport cholesterol around the body to different tissues, which can cause cholesterol buildup in blood vessels.
77
Plaque
A substance containing fatty molecules, cholesterol, blood platelets, fibrin, calcium ions, and cellular debris. These attach to a roughened part of the lining of an artery.
78
Platelet inhibitor
A class of anti thrombotic drug which makes platelets less likely to coagulate and is used as a treatment for CVD.
79
Prothrombin
The inactive form of thrombin.
80
Statins
A class of drug that is used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
81
Thrombin
The active form of prothrombin, which converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin during the process of blood clotting.
82
Thromboplastin
A clotting factor which converts prothrombin to thrombin durning the blood clotting process.
83
Waist-to-hip ratio
A comparison of the size of a person's waist to their circumference of their hips which can be used to determine a person's health risk.

Biology unit 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions