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HLTA03 > Definitions- Module 2 > Flashcards

Definitions- Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of philosophy connected with nature and the definition of knowledge and truth, while also defining the types of data considered as ‘valid’ and useful

A

Epistemology

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2
Q

Examines valid knowledge and generates truth through scientific processes based on observation/measurement and generalization

A

Positivism

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3
Q

Produces meaning and determines social phenomena, through complex/contradictory perceptions

A

Interpretivism

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4
Q

The branch of philosophy connected with the nature of reality

A

Ontology

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5
Q

Views the existence of phenomena as external objects independently of observation and human perception

A

Objectivism

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6
Q

Views phenomena as a socially constructed object that is developed through human interpretation

A

Constructionism

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7
Q

Relies on numeric data and statistical analysis

A

Quantitative Research

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8
Q

Relies on open-ended questions concerned with meaning and experience

A

Qualitative Research

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9
Q

Reflects one’s belief about what constitutes knowledge and how that knowledge is to be generated

A

Research Paradigms

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10
Q

Are driven by study questions, available populations for study, resources, and current states of research

A

Study Designs

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11
Q

Used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of treatments in diseased individuals or the beneficial effects of a protective agent or screening procedure

A

Randomized Controlled Trial

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12
Q

A group that is controlled by the researcher, who determines which receives the treatment and which receives the alternative

A

Experimental Group

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13
Q

When participants receive intervention or become controls and are followed over time

A

Prospective

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14
Q

The group in the experiment that receives the alternative

A

Control Group

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15
Q

The sham procedure that has no specific therapeutic effect but is intended to make the recipient think they might be receiving treatment

A

Placebo

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16
Q

When participants are randomly assigned to intervention or control (mitigates selection bias)

A

Random

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17
Q

When individuals without the disease of interest are sampled and classified according to whether they have had the exposure of interest or not

A

Cohort Study

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18
Q

Attempts to select participants that reflect the general population of interest

A

Population-Based Sample

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19
Q

Attempts to ensure adequate numbers of exposed individuals when exposure is rare

A

Exposure-Based Sample

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20
Q

When other factors can affect the outcome of the results

A

Confounding Variables

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21
Q

Studies cases from a specified population

A

Case Study

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22
Q

When there is no measured follow-up time, and past exposures are examined

A

Retrospective

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23
Q

When populations are sampled and exposure/disease statuses are measured at the same time

A

Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study

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24
Q

When data that summarizes exposure/disease is sampled from populations

A

Ecological

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25
The study of the proper use of statistical principles that allow us to understand the data in such a way as to display ideas about various properties
Statistics
26
The numbers that represent some feature of the thing being measured
Data
27
The process of assigning numbers to things
Measurement
28
When the number represents a label for the category, and categories are exclusive and exhaustive
Nomial
29
When categories of things can be put into groups and are equally spaced
Interval
30
When categories of things can be ordered in a particular way
Ordinal
31
When people choose among a number of alternatives
Categorical Judgements
32
Contain extreme values at both ends, often with a neutral option in the middle
Likert Scale
33
Requires a person to indicate their responses along a continuum
Continuous Judgements
34
The tendency for people to present themselves to others in a favourable light by either exaggerating good attributes or minimizing bad ones
Social Desirability Bias
35
Tendency to agree with any statement, irrespective of its content
Yea-Saying Bias
36
The unconscious process of presenting an optimistic picture of oneself
Self-Deception Bias
37
Aware one is distorting answers to create a good impression
Other-Deception Bias
38
The easy way to get through the survey questions
Satisficing
39
Avoid disappointing or offending others
Cultural Bias
40
The tendency to avoid the extreme ends of scales, as it is believed there is an exception to the 'never' or 'always'
End-Aversion Bias
41
Tells us how likely we are to observe data if the null hypothesis were true
p-value
42
The range of values within which we expect the true population parameter to fall
Confidence Interval
43
Measures the odds of an event happening in one group compared to another
Odds Ratio
44
Research that takes place in the natural environment rather than a controlled setting
Naturalistic
45
Constructing meaning from data with the aim of explaining the phenomenon under study
Interpretive
46
Look at how views differ
Relativism
47
Focuses on the exploration of culture to provide a detailed, in-depth description of everyday life and practice
Ethnography
48
A branch of ethnography which links personal to cultural through self-narrative
Autoethnography
49
Seeks to explore, describe, and analyze the "lived experience" with the purpose of developing a deeper understanding of the nature or meaning of our everyday experiences
Phenomenology
50
The theory that maximizes the explanatory power of quantitative research, as it aims to explain the underlying social processes and structures of a phenomenon
Grounded Theory
51
Participants are asked to invite others who meet sampling criteria
Snowball Sampling
52
Selects the best participants based on the quality of their insights about and willingness to reflect on the phenomenon of interest
Purposeful Sampling
53
A type of interview that involves following the exact same sequence of questions
Structured Interview
54
Participants are selected based on their availability to participate
Convenience Sampling
55
Participants are selected based on the emerging theoretical framework
Theoretical Sampling
56
A type of interview that involves specific predetermined questions, but interviews can go 'off-script'
Semi-Structured Interview
57
A type of interview that allows participants to tell their story
Open-Ended Interview
58
A focused interview that involves more than two participants and is highly interactive
Focus Group
59
A type of research that allows for collaboration with community partners
Participatory Action Research (PAR)
60
A kind of analysis which studies the relationship between conceptualized categories, which are tested through the comparison and contrast of emerging ideas and the data
Constant Comparison
61
A kind of analysis that identifies, analyzes, and reports patterns
Thematic Analysis
62
The process of sorting, categorizing, grouping, and regrouping data into meaningful chunks
Analysis
63
A method of rigour which examines one's place, biography, self, and others to understand how they shape analytic exercise
Reflexivity
64
A method of rigour which documents research decisions and rationale
Keeping an Audit Trail
65
A kind of analysis that interprets how language shapes and reflects cultural, social, and political processes
Discourse Analysis
66
A method of rigour which involves a prolonged time in the field
Prolonged Engagement
67
A method of rigour which explores findings with participants
Member Checking
68
A method of rigour which checks findings and interpretations with peers
Peer Debrief
69
A method of rigour which checks the integrity of inferences by using multiple data sources, investigators, theories, and/or methods
Triangulation
70
The branch of philosophy that is concerned with the systematic examination of right and wrong
Ethics
71
The consideration of all roles, which determines how they all intersect
Conflict of Interest
72
The Policy Statement that emphasizes respect for a person's concerns for welfare, and justice
Tri-Council Policy Statement
73
The process of manipulating or omitting information to skew the interpretation of the results
Falsification
74
The Board that reviews research and findings to determine whether a process/research is ethical
Research Ethics Board
75
The process which involves making up methodology, information, results, or findings
Fabrication
76
Offers a comprehensive summary of an event/phenomenon in everyday terms of those events
Qualitative Description

HLTA03 (1 decks)

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