Definitions Match Up Flashcards
Pharmacodynamics
Drug action - the investigation into how the drug acts on the body or what the drug does to the body
Pharmacology
The study of drugs
Equilibrium
A drug being with the same concentration within the tissues as in the systemic circulation
Distribution
The method of drug dispersion within the circulation, some drug molecules remain free while other bind to albumin
Metabolism
The process of drugs being processed and broken down within the body
Lipophilic
High affinity to lipid or fat
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of hig concentration to an area of low concentration
First pass Effect
The process oral medications have to go through by passing through the GI tract and being metabolised within the liver
Pharmacokinetics
Drug movement - the investigation into how the body acts/reacts on/ to the drug
Drug
Any substance that when administered has a specific effect on the body
Half life
Amount of time required for the concentration of drug in the blood to decrease by 50% due to metabolism and elimination
absorption
The method of drug uptake and time taken to enter systemic circulation - this will vary according to the route taken eg IV faster than SC
Elimination
The process of drugs and their breakdown products being expelled from the body
Hydrophilic
High affinity to water
Bioavailability
The amount of drug that reaches the circulation intact (unaltered)
Protein bound
A certain amount of drug combining with albumin rendering it inactive
Blood brain barrier
A Semi permeable membrane within a vital organ which prevents certain drugs being transported over it, however drugs that are lipophilic can cross it
Metabolite
The product of the drug breakdown within the body, normally inactive but not in all cases
Metabolite
The product of the drug breakdown within the body this is normally inactive but not in all cases.
Phase 2 metabolism
The process of the metabolite being combined with an endogenous substrate to form a hydrophilic (and normally inactive) conjugate.
Enterohepatic circulation:
The process of lipophilic drugs being resorbed from the gut and re-entering the circulation
Therapeutic index
A ratio used to determine the potential risk of toxicity of a drug the higher the number the lower the risk
Loading dose
A higher than normal initial dose to ensure the drug reaches a therapeutic level
Effective dose
A dose within the therapeutic range
Redistribution drug
Drug molecules are released into the circulation from tissues and move to other areas where tissues are less perfused
Phase 1 metabolism
The process of a drug being broken down to form the metabolite
Inactive
A drug which is no longer having an effect on the body
Target issue
The place in the body that the drug is supposed to exert desired effect
Therapeutic range
The array of doses a drug can be given at - if this is wide it is relatively safe drug. If it is narrow, it has a high risk of toxicity.
Steady state
When the rate of administration is equal to the rate of elimination and peak and trough levels are more constant
Toxic dose
The dose at which a drug is no longer safe to be given and the patient is likely to suffer significant adverse effects
Plasma concentration
The strength of the drug within the circulation