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Leaving Cert Chemistry > Definitions I Need For Now > Flashcards

Definitions I Need For Now Flashcards

1
Q

Acid (according to Arrhenius theory)

A

A substance which dissociate in water to provide H+ions

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2
Q

Acid (according to Bronsted lowry theory)

A

A proton donor

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3
Q

Acid-base indicator

A

(Aka= pH indicators) are substances which change colour with pH

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4
Q

Addition polymer

A

A polymer made by the combining together of small unsaturated molecules of the same compound

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5
Q

Addition reaction

A

A reaction in which the double or triple bond of an unsaturated compound opens up and other atoms add on to the molecule. Addition reactions are characteristics of ALKANES and ALKYNES

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6
Q

Alcohols

A

Any organic compound in which the -OH (hydroxyl group) is bound to a saturated carbon atom

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7
Q

Aldehydes

A

An organic coumpund containing a functional group with the structure -CHO (carbonyl) group

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8
Q

Aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

Compound whose molecules contain only chains of carbon atoms

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9
Q

Alkanes

A

Only single bonds between carbon atoms

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10
Q

Alkenes

A

There’s a double bond between two carbons

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11
Q

Alkynes

A

There’s a triple bond between two carbon atoms

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12
Q

Allotropes

A

Different physical forms of the same element eg diamond charcoal

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13
Q

Auto ignition

A

The explosion of the pertol-air mixture in the engine before the spark is produced

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14
Q

Autocatalysis

A

The catalysis of a reaction by one of the products of the reaction

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15
Q

A substance with dissociates in water to provide H+ ions

A

Acid (Arrhenius theory)

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16
Q

A proton donor

A

Acid (Bronsted-Lowry theory)

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17
Q

(pH indicator) are substances which change colour with pH

A

Acid-base indicator

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18
Q

A polymer made by combining together of small unstaturated molecules of the same compound

A

Addition polymer

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19
Q

A reaction in which the double ot triple bond of an unsaturated compound opens up and other atoms add on to the molecule. ________ _________ are characteristics of ALKANES and ALKYNES

A

Addition reaction

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20
Q

Any organic compound in which the -OH (hydroxyl group) is bound to a saturated carbon atom

A

Alcohols

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21
Q

An organic coumpund containing a functional group with the structure -CHO (carbonyl) group

A

Aldehydes

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22
Q

Compound whose molecules contain only chains of carbon atoms

A

Aliphatic Metals

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23
Q

Only single bonds between carbon atoms

A

Alkanes

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24
Q

There’s a double bond between two carbons

A

Alkenes

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25
Q

There’s a triple bond between two carbon atoms

A

Alkynes

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26
Q

Different physical forms of the same element eg diamond charcoal

A

Allotropes

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27
Q

The explosion of the pertol-air mixture in the engine before the spark is produced

A

Auto ignition

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28
Q

The catalysis of a reaction by one of the products of the reaction

A

Autocatalysis

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29
Q

Avocado’s law

A

States that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules

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30
Q

States that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules

A

Avagrado’s law

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31
Q

Balmer series

A

Visible line spectrum of hydrogen

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32
Q

Visible line spectrum of hydrogen

A

Balmer series

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33
Q

Base (Arrhenius theory)

A

A substance which dissociates in water to produce OH- ions

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34
Q

A substance which dissociates in water to produce OH- ions

A

Base (Arrhenius theory)

35
Q

Base (Bronsted-Lowry theory)

A

A proton acceptor

36
Q

A proton acceptor

A

Base (Bronsted-Lowry)

37
Q

Saponification

A

A soap is prepared by the alkaline hydrolysis of an animal fat such as lard and vegetable fats

38
Q

A soap is prepared by the alkaline hydrolysis of an animal fat such as lard and vegetable fats

A

Saponification

39
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

An organic compound that contained a carboxyl group (-COOH)

40
Q

An organic compound that contained a carboxyl group (-COOH)

A

Carboxylic acid

41
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but which is not used up during the reaction and chemically unchanged

42
Q

A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but which is not used up during the reaction and chemically unchanged

43
Q

Catalyst poison

A

A substance which destroys the activity of a catalyst

44
Q

A substance which destroys the activity of a catalyst

A

Catalyst poison

45
Q

Catalytic converter

A

Change poisonous molecules like CARBON MONOXIDE and NITROGEN OXIDES in car exhausts into less harmful molecules like CO2 and N

46
Q

Change poisonous molecules like CARBON MONOXIDE and NITROGEN OXIDES in car exhausts into less harmful molecules like CO2 and N

A

Catalytic converter

47
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

Is the breaking down of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules into short-chain molecules for while there is a greater demand, using heat and catalysts

48
Q

Is the breaking down of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules into short-chain molecules for while there is a greater demand, using heat and catalysts

A

Catalytic cracking

49
Q

Chemical equilibrium (dynamic)

A

A system is said to be in chemical equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction

50
Q

A system is said to be in __________ ____________ when the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction

A

Chemical equilibrium (dynamic)

51
Q

Chromatography

A

A separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbant stationary phase (and seprates mixture component)

52
Q

A separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbant stationary phase (and seprates mixture component)

A

Chromatography

53
Q

Compound

A

A substance that is made up of two or more elements combined together chemically

54
Q

A substance that is made up of two or more elements combined together chemically

55
Q

Conjugated acid

A

A base which has accepted a proton

56
Q

A base which has donated a proton

A

Conjugated acid

57
Q

Conjugate base

A

An acid which has donated a proton

58
Q

An acid which has donated a proton

A

Conjugate base

59
Q

Conjugate acid-base pair

A

Two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)

60
Q

Two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton)

A

Conjugate acid-base pair

61
Q

Covalent bond

A

Involves the sharing of pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer shell

62
Q

Involves the sharing of pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer shell

A

Covalent bond

63
Q

Dehydration

A

An elimination reaction where an alcohol is converted to an ALKENE

64
Q

An elimination reaction where an alcohol is converted to an ALKENE

A

Dehydration

65
Q

Dehydrocyclisation

A

Involves the use of catalysts to convert straight-chained ALKANES into cyclic compounds

66
Q

Involves the use of catalysts to convert straight-chained ALKANES into cyclic compounds

A

Dehydrocyclisation

67
Q

Deionised water

A

Contains no ions but may contain soluble covalent compounds such as SUCROSE, ETHANOL OXYGEN, BACTERIA

68
Q

Contains no ions but may contain soluble covalent compounds such as SUCROSE, ETHANOL OXYGEN, BACTERIA

A

Deionised water

69
Q

Diffusion

A

The spontaneous spreading out of a substance due to the natural movement of its particles

70
Q

The spontaneous spreading out of a substance due to the natural movement of its particles

71
Q

Dipole-dipole force

A

When a permanently polarised molecule attracts another permanently polarised molecule. The positive end of a polarised molecule attracts the negative end of another polarised molecule.

72
Q

When a permanently polarised molecule attracts another permanently polarised molecule. The positive end of a polarised molecule attracts the negative end of another polarised molecule.

A

Dipole-dipole force

73
Q

Distilled water

A

Completely pure as all dissolved and suspended solids have been removed as well as dissolved gases

74
Q

Completely pure as all dissolved and suspended solids have been removed as well as dissolved gases

A

Distilled water

75
Q

Elimination reaction

A

Occurs when a small molecule such as H20 or HCl is removed from a molecule resulting in a double bond formation

76
Q

Occurs when a small molecule such as H20 or HCl is removed from a molecule resulting in a double bond formation

A

Elimination reaction

77
Q

Esterification

A

A reaction in which an acid and alcohol react together to form an ester and water

78
Q

A reaction in which an acid and alcohol react together to form an ester and water

A

Esterification

79
Q

Eutrophication

A

Enrichment of natural waters by nutrients. Rapid growth of algae which when they die and decay comsumes large amounts of O2. Water has no oxygen and aquatic life dies

80
Q

Enrichment of natural waters by nutrients. Rapid growth of algae which when they die and decay comsumes large amounts of O2. Water has no oxygen and aquatic life dies

A

Eutrophication

81
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Heat is released

82
Q

Heat is released

A

Exothermic reaction

83
Q

Fermentation

A

The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria,yeasts,or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat

84
Q

The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria,yeasts,or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat

A

Fermentation

Leaving Cert Chemistry (2 decks)

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