Definitions, Formulas, etc.

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

the energy due to the position of the object relative to other objects

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

is the energy due to the motion of the object

Question 3

Filtration

Answer 3

is based on differences in particle size

Question 4

Crystallization

Answer 4

is based on differences in solubility

Question 5

Distillation

Answer 5

separates components through differences in volatility

Question 6

Chromatography

Answer 6

is based on differences in solubility

Question 7

molecular formula

Answer 7

actual number of atoms in the molecule

Question 8

empirical formula

Answer 8

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the molecule

Question 9

the mole value

Answer 9

6.022 x 10 ^23

Question 10

Speed of light c

Answer 10

3.00 x 10^8 m/s

Question 11

Wavelength λ

Answer 11

distance between 2 peaks (Units: m)

Question 12

Frequency (v/nu)

Answer 12

number of waves per second (Units: S^-1 or Hz)

Question 13

Light equation

Answer 13

vλ= c

Question 14

As frequency gets greater,

Answer 14

wavelength gets smaller

Question 15

constructive interference results in…

Answer 15

1. a wave with a larger amplitude
2. light

Question 16

destructive interference results in…

Answer 16

1. no wave (a straight line)
2. no light

Question 17

Amplitude is related to

Answer 17

energy/ intensity of the light

Question 18

E photon=

Answer 18

hv OR hc/λ

Question 19

h variable in light equation

Answer 19

6.626 x 10^-31 Js

Question 20

Higher frequency means _______ kinetic energy

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

higher brightness means…

Answer 21

more electrons ejected (kinetic energy remains the same)

Question 22

KE= 1/2mc/λ^2

Answer 22

1/2 m c/λ^2

Question 23

𝚿 “wave function”

Answer 23

a mathematical function describing the shape of a wave

Question 24

𝚿^2

Answer 24

probability of finding the election at any point about the nucleus

Question 25

Principal quantum number (n)

Answer 25

size of the orbital

Question 26

Angular momentum quantum number (l)

Answer 26

shape of the orbital (n-1) (s=0, p=1, d=2, f=3)

Question 27

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 27

orientation of the orbital (-l to +l)

Question 28

Electron spin quantum number

Answer 28

(ms) (-1/2 or +1/2)

Question 29

ΔE= negative means

Answer 29

atom has become more stable

Question 30

Emission means a ____ n level/energy to a ____ one

Answer 30

higher lower

Question 31

Emission causes a_____ of energy

Answer 31

loss

Question 32

Effective nuclear charge =

Answer 32

Actual nuclear charge- electron shielding

Question 33

Aufbau principle

Answer 33

electrons will fill orbitals of lowest energy to highest

Question 34

Hund's rule

Answer 34

if 2 or more orbitals are available, one electron goes into each until they are half-full

Question 35

Absorption means

Answer 35

a gain in energy

Question 36

Intermolecular forces

Answer 36

forces between the molecules

Question 37

Intramolecular forces

Answer 37

forces within the molecules

Question 38

macroscopic properties of gasses

Answer 38

pressure, volume, mass, temperature

Question 39

microscopic properties of gasses

Answer 39

molecules

Question 40

Pressure unit

Answer 40

force per unit area

Question 41

1atm=____mmHg/torr

Answer 41

760

Question 42

1atm= _____Pa

Answer 42

101325

Question 43

Boyles Law

Answer 43

as the volume decreases-> pressure increases due to more collisions

Question 44

Charles Law

Answer 44

as temperature increases, so does volume

Question 45

Avogadro's Law

Answer 45

as volume doubles, so does its moles

Question 46

R=

Answer 46

0.08206 L * atm K^-1 mol^-1