Definitions for Lectures 3 + 4

Question 1

Alveolar Spaces

Answer 1

• terminal air spaces within the lung
• are the termination of the respiratory apparatus that directly connects to the outside air
• most of the gas exchange takes place between the air in the alveolar spaces and the capillaries

Question 2

Autoimmune disease

Answer 2

• disease where immune response incorrectly attacks normal tissue

Question 3

Chemotaxis

Answer 3

• directed movement of leukocytes or other cells in a specific direction

Question 4

Cytokines

Answer 4

• protein mediators which active and orchestrate the inflammatory response

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

• WBCs that come from the bone marrow

- they are critical components of the inflammatory response

Question 6

Endothelial Cells

Answer 6

• cells that line the inside of blood vessels

Question 7

Erythrocytes

Answer 7

• RBCs

Question 8

Helminths

Answer 8

• Parasitic worms

Question 9

Hyperemia

Answer 9

• increased blood flow inside vasculature

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

• portion of the brain responsible for regulating temperature

Question 11

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 11

• pressure due to the force of the fluid
• usually it is directed to the outside
• similar to the pressure in a hose

Question 12

Recirculate

Answer 12

• move from the local site of inflammation back into the bloodstream

Question 13

Integrin molecules

Answer 13

• molecules on the surface of WBCs

- responsible for their adherence tot he lining of blood vessels

Question 14

Margination

Answer 14

• moving to the edge
• typically describes when leukocytes move from the center of the bloodstream to the edge so that they come in contact with the blood vessel wall

Question 15

Necrotic

Answer 15

= dead

- cells, tissues, and entire organs may be necrotic

Question 16

Oncotic pressure

Answer 16

• pressure generated by concentrated liquids inside a blood vessel
• this draws fluid into the blood vessel
• -> to try and dilute the concentration of the plasma proteins and ions

Question 17

Opsins

Answer 17

= proteins that bind the outside of bacteria or dead tissue

- are usually antibodies or fragments of the complement cascade

Question 18

Phagolysosome

Answer 18

• fusion of the phagocytksed particles with lysosomal enzymes

Question 19

Proteases

Answer 19

• proteins that degrade other proteins

Question 20

Pyrogens

Answer 20

• molecules in the body that cause a fever by altering the “set point” for the temperature of the body

Question 21

Selectins

Answer 21

• adhesion molecules that direct leukocytes to site of inflammation