definitions for immune functions

Question 1

agglutination

Answer 1

clumping that happens when an antibody acts like a cross link between 2 antigens

Question 2

antibody

Answer 2

protein that is created by the body in response to a specific antigen

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

starts the productions of antibodies

Question 4

apoptosis

Answer 4

programmed cell death because of the digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid by endonucleases

Question 5

antigenic determinant

Answer 5

a specific area that an antigen and antibody combine determines the antigen-antibody reaction

Question 6

B cells

Answer 6

important for developing a humoral immune response

Question 7

cellular immune response

Answer 7

immune systems 3rd line of defense, it involves the attack of pathogens by T cells

Question 8

complement

Answer 8

enzymatic proteins in serum that when activated destroys bacteria and other cells

Question 9

cytokines

Answer 9

generic term for non antibody proteins that act as intercellular mediators, start of immune response

Question 10

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 10

lymphocytes that lyse cells infected with virus; plays a role in graft rejection

Question 11

epitope

Answer 11

any part of a antigen molecule that acts like a antigenetic determinant by allowing attachments of certain antibodies

Question 12

genetic engineering

Answer 12

technology that replaces missing or defective genes

Question 13

helper T cells

Answer 13

lymphocytes that attack antigens directly

Question 14

humoral immune response

Answer 14

2nd line of defense; antibody response

Question 15

immune response

Answer 15

immune system fights foreign agent or organism

Question 16

immune system

Answer 16

organs, cells, tissues and molecules that mediate the immune response

Question 17

immunity

Answer 17

bodys protective response to a foreign agent or organism, resistance to disease (specifically infectious)

Question 18

immunopathology

Answer 18

study of diseases that result in dysfunctions within the immune system

Question 19

immunoregulation

Answer 19

complex system of checks and balances that regulates or controls the immune response

Question 20

interferons

Answer 20

proteins are formed when a cell is exposed to a viral or foreign agent; capable of activating other components of the immune system

Question 21

lymphokines

Answer 21

substance that is released by sensitized lymphocytes when they come in contact with certain antigens

Question 22

memory cells

Answer 22

cells that recognize antigens from previous exposure and mount an immune response

Question 23

natural killer cells (NK)

Answer 23

lymphocytes that fight against malignancy and microorganisms

Question 24

null lymphocytes

Answer 24

lymphocytes that destroy antigens that are already covered with the antibodies

Question 25

opsonization

Answer 25

coating of antigen-antibody molecules with a sticky surface of facilitate phagocytosis

Question 26

phagocytic cells

Answer 26

cells that engulf, ingest and destroy foreign bodies or toxins

Question 27

phagocytic immune response

Answer 27

1st line of defense; abc that can ingest the foreign particles

Question 28

stem cells

Answer 28

precursor to all blood cells, found in bone marrow

Question 29

suppressor T cells

Answer 29

lymphocytes that decreases B-cell activity to a level that makes the immune system compatible with life

Question 30

T cells

Answer 30

important in producing cellular immune response