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Biology Paper 2 > Definitions For Homeostasis > Flashcards

Definitions For Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Abstinence

A

Deliberately refraining from having sexual intercourse

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2
Q

Accommodation

A

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear/stress.
It increases heart rate and increases the blood flow to brain and muscles as part of the flight or fight response

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4
Q

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

A

Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water in kidney tubules

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5
Q

Contraception

A

Methods used to prevent pregnancy

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6
Q

Coordination centres

A

Areas of the body ( brain,spinal cord,pancreas) that receive and process information from receptors

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7
Q

Deamination

A

A process occurring in the liver that removes the amino group from an amino acid to produce ammonia

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8
Q

Dialysis

A

A method of treating kidney failure/disease where the blood is artificially filtered to remove waste and toxins

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9
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles or glands which bring about responses which restore optimum levels

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10
Q

Ethene

A

A type of plant hormone which controls cell division and the ripening of fruits

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11
Q

FSH -follicle stimulating hormone

A

Female reproductive hormone that causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary

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12
Q

Geotropism/gravitropism

A

A plant’s directional growth response to gravity

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13
Q

Gibberellins

A

Type of plant hormone which initiates seed germination

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14
Q

Gland

A

Group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

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15
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into blood

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16
Q

Homeostasis

A

Regulation of the internal environment of an organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal/external changes

17
Q

Hyperopia (long sightedness)

A

A defect of the eye where nearby objects appear out of focus

18
Q

IVF -in vitro fertilisation

A

Fertilising a woman’s egg using sperm outside of the body

19
Q

LH -luteinising hormone

A

Female reproductive hormone that stimulates the release of an egg

20
Q

Myopia ( short sightedness)

A

A defect of the eye where distant objects appear out of focus

21
Q

Negative feedback cycle

A

A regulatory mechanism that reverses a change

22
Q

Oestrogen

A

The main female reproductive hormone which causes the uterus lining to thicken and repair

23
Q

Phototropism

A

A plants directional growth response to light

24
Q

Receptors

A

Organs or cells that detect stimuli

25
Q

Reflex action

A

A rapid and automatic response to a stimulus

26
Q

Selective reabsorption

A

Reabsorbing certain useful molecules (all glucose,some water,some ions) back into the blood after they have been filtered out

27
Q

Stimuli

A

Changes in the environment

28
Q

Target organ

A

The organ which a hormone acts on to produce an effect

29
Q

Testosterone

A

Male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates the production of sperm

30
Q

The brain

A

Organ made of billions of interconnected neurones which controls complex behaviour and has different regions that carry out different functions

31
Q

CNS - central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord which coordinate the response of the effectors

32
Q

The eye

A

A sense organ containing receptors sensitive to light intensity and colour

33
Q

Thermoregulatory centre

A

An area of the hypothalamus in the brain which contains blood temperature receptors and regulates body temperature

34
Q

Thyroxine

A

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases the metabolic rate in the body

35
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin which is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels

36
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas

37
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The constriction of blood vessels

38
Q

Vasodilation

A

The dilation of blood vessels

39
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between two neurones

Biology Paper 2 (4 decks)

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