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Physics > Definitions for EWP > Flashcards

Definitions for EWP Flashcards

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1
Q

Absorption line spectrum

A

A dark line of a unique wavelength seen in a continuous spectrum

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2
Q

Ampere

A

The SI unit of electric current

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position

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4
Q

Antinode

A

A point on a stationary wave with maximum amplitude

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5
Q

Charge carrier

A

Any charged particles such as electrons responsible for current

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6
Q

Coherent

A

To sources are coherent when they emit waves with a constant phase difference

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7
Q

Compression

A

A region in a sound wave where the air pressure is greater than its mean value

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8
Q

Constructive interference

A

When to waves reinforce to give increased amplitude

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9
Q

Coulomb

A

The SI unit of electrical charge. A charge of 1 C passes a point when a current of one amp flows for one second

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10
Q

Destructive interference

A

When to waves cancel to give reduced amplitude

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11
Q

Diffraction

A

The spreading of a wave when it passes through a gap or past the edge of an object

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12
Q

Dispersion

A

The splitting of light into its different wavelengths

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13
Q

Displacement

A

The distance moved by an object in a particular direction (measured from a fixed starting point)

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14
Q

Efficiency

A

The ratio of useful output energy to the total input energy for a device, expressed as a percentage

Efficiency = useful output energy/total input energy

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15
Q

Einstein relation

A

This refers to the equation for the energy of a photon

E = hf

E= hc/lambda

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16
Q

Electrical resistance

A

The ratio of potential difference to current. Unit is ohms

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17
Q

Electrolyte

A

An Electrically conducting solution. The conduction is due to positive and negative ions in the solution

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18
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The family of waves that travel through a vacuum at a speed of 3000 0000 0 m/s

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19
Q

Electro motive force

A

The energy gained per unit charge by charges passing for a supply. Unit J/C

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20
Q

Electron volt

A

The energy gained by an electron travelling through a potential difference of 1 V (1.6×10 to the -19)

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21
Q

Elementary charge

A

The smallest unit of charge that a particle or objects can have it has a magnitude of 1.6×10 to the -19 coulombs

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22
Q

Emission line spectrum

A

A sharp and bright line of a unique wavelength seen in a spectrum

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23
Q

Energy level

A

The quantised energy states of an electron in an atom

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24
Q

Frequency

A

The number of oscillations of a particle per unit time (HZ)

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25
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

The lowest frequency in a stationary wave for a particular system

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26
Q

Intensity

A

The power transmitted normally through a surface per-unit area

Intensity = power/cross sectional area

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27
Q

Interference

A

The formation of points of cancellation and reinforcement where to coherent waves pass through each other

28
Q

Internal resistance

A

The resistance of an e.m.f. Source. The internal resistance of a battery is due to its chemicals

29
Q

I V characteristic

A

Graph of current against voltage for particular component. You can identify the components from this Graph

30
Q

Kilowatt hour

A

The energy transferred by a 1 kW device in a time of one hour

1 kWh = 3.6 MJ

31
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The Energy of an object due to its motion

32
Q

Kirchhoff’s first law

A

The sum of the currents entering any point in a circuit is equal to the sum of currents leaving same point. This law conveys the conservation of charge

33
Q

Kirchhoff’s second law

A

That some of the e.m.fs round a look in a sec it is equal to the sum of the potential differences in that same loop

34
Q

Light emitting diodes

A

A semiconductor component that emits light when it conducts

35
Q

Longitudinals wave

A

A wave in which particles oscillate along the direction in which the wave travels

36
Q

Lost volts

A

The difference between the e.m.fs and the terminal p.d. It is also equal to the voltage across the internal resistance

37
Q

Magnetic field

A

A force field created by magnets and moving charges

38
Q

Number density

A

The number of charged particles per unit volume

39
Q

Ohms law

A

The current in a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided its temperature remains constant

40
Q

Path difference

A

The difference in the distances travelled by two ways from coherent sources at a Particular point

41
Q

Node

A

A point on a stationary wave with zero amplitude

42
Q

Path difference

A

The difference in the distances travelled by two ways from coherent sources at a particular point

43
Q

Period

A

The time taken for one complete oscillation of a particle

44
Q

Photon

A

A quantum packet of electromagnetic energy

45
Q

Plane polarised

A

Describes transverse waves that oscillate in only one plane

46
Q

Potential difference

A

The energy lost per unit charge by charges passing through a component

47
Q

Potential divider

A

The circuit in which two or more components are connected in series to supply. The output voltage from the circuit is taken across one of the components

48
Q

Power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done

49
Q

Principle of superposition

A

When two or more waves meet at a point, The resultant displacement is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves

50
Q

Progressive wave

A

A wave that carries energy from one place to another

51
Q

Rarefraction

A

A region in a soundwave where air pressure is less then its mean value

52
Q

Reflection

A

The bouncing back of a wave from a surface

53
Q

Refraction

A

The change in direction of a wave as it crosses an interference between two materials where its speed changes

54
Q

Resistivity

A

The property of a material defined by:

Resistivity = resistance X cross-sectional area/length

55
Q

Resistor

A

And electrical component whose resistance in a circuit remains constant. Its resistance is independent of current or potential difference

56
Q

Semiconductor diode

A

And electrical component made from a semiconductor material that only conduct in one direction. A diode in ‘reverse bias’ has infinite resistance

57
Q

Stationary wave

A

A wave pattern produced when two progressive waves of the same frequency travelling in opposite directions combine. It is characterised by nodes and antinodes. Also known as a standing wave

58
Q

Terminal potential difference

A

The potential difference across the external resistor connected to an EMF source

59
Q

Threshold frequency

A

The minimum frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that will eject electrons from the surface of the metal

60
Q

Threshold voltage

A

The minimum forward bias voltage across a LED when it starts to conduct and emit light

61
Q

Transition

A

When an electron makes a jump between two energy levels

62
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave in which the oscillation is at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

63
Q

Wave

A

Periodic disturbance travelling through space, characterised by vibrating particles

64
Q

Wavelength

A

The rate of change of the displacement of an object

Velocity = change in displacement/time

65
Q

Work function

A

The minimum energy required by a single electron to escape a metal surface

Physics (2 decks)

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