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Spring 23: DVM 638 Parasitology > Definitions: Exam 1 > Flashcards

Definitions: Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Direct life cycle

A

single definitive host, no intermediate host,

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2
Q

Indirect Life Cycle

A

one or more intermediate host in addition to definitive host

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3
Q

Symbiosis

A

living together

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4
Q

Commensalism

A

one benefited, other neutral no harm or benefit

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5
Q

Mutualism

A

both benefit, usually obligatory, cannot survive without the other

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6
Q

Phoresis

A

traveling together, no physiologic or biological dependence

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7
Q

Obligatory parasites

A

cannot complete lifecycle without host

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8
Q

Facultative parasites

A

not usually parasitic but can become so if accidentally eaten or enter a wound or other orifice

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9
Q

Accidental parasites

A

do not survive in the wrong host

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10
Q

Temporary or intermittent parasites

A

visits the host from time to time for food.

mosquitoes, bed bugs

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11
Q

Definitive host

A

parasite reaches sexual maturity, often vetebrates

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12
Q

Intermediate host

A

needed for development, sexual maturity not reached

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13
Q

Paratenic host

A

bridge ecological gap, no development but parasite stays alive

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14
Q

Reservoir host

A

a host which allows the pathogen to live, and possibly grow, and multiply.

animal harboring that can be transmitted to humans

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15
Q

Zoonoses

A

a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals.

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16
Q

Apicomplexans

A

Have an apical complex, can bore into host cell

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17
Q

Trophozoites

A

Active, feeding, multiplying stage
In parasitic species this is the stage usually associated with pathogenesis

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18
Q

Cysts

A

are stages with a protective membrane or thickened wall

common in organisms that may encounter harsh conditions

Cysts that must survive outside the host usually have more resistant walls than cysts that form in tissues

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19
Q

Specific gravity

A

the density of that object divided by the density of water.

necessary in fecal floatations

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20
Q

Media

A

have to choose media with proper specific gravity

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21
Q

Sheather’s sugar

A

specific gravity of 1.27

enough to float any ova

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22
Q

Excystation

A

The stage in the life cycle of a parasite in which it escapes from a cyst (after being swallowed by its host)

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23
Q

Encystment

A

the formation of a cyst. The process of becoming enclosed by a cyst.

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24
Q

Encystment

A
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25
Q

Prepatent period

A

the period between infection with a parasite and the demonstration of the parasite in the body especially as determined by the recovery of an infective form (as oocysts or eggs) from the blood or feces.

before symptoms

26
Q

Flagellates

A

a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella

27
Q

Sporulated oocysts

A

The process by which immature (noninfective) coccidian oocysts develop into the mature, infective form.

resistant to adverse environmental conditions and can survive as long as one year in moist, protected environments

28
Q

Percutaneous

A

Infection via skin penetration

29
Q

Transmammary

A

Arrested larvae can become reactivated during parturition and as a result can be transmitted to puppies through the bitch’s milk.

30
Q

Transplacental

A

the exchange of nutrients, waste products, drugs, infectious organisms, or other substances between the mother and the fetus.

31
Q

Tissue cyst

A

In the human host, the parasites form tissue cysts, most commonly in skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, and eyes; these cysts may remain throughout the life of the host.

32
Q

Parthenogenic

A

a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur in a gamete without combining with another gamete.

33
Q

Homogonic

A

being or characterized by a course of development in which one generation of parasites immediately succeeds another.

34
Q

Heterogonic

A

being or characterized by a course of development in which a generation of parasites is succeeded by a free-living generation.

35
Q

Hyperinfection

A

repeated reinfection with larvae produced by parasitic worms already in the body due to the ability of various parasites to complete the life cycle within a single host compare autoinfection.

36
Q

Hexacanth embryo

A

the embryo of tapeworms of the subclass Cestoda, such as Taenia saginata, characterized by three pairs of hooks used for penetration through the gut of an intermediate host.

37
Q

Metacestode

A

the larval stage of a tapeworm, found in an intermediate host.

38
Q

Proglottids

A

each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.

39
Q

Species specificity

A

the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species

40
Q

Rostellum

A

a small beaklike process, such as the hooked projection from the top of the head in tapeworms or the outgrowth from the stigma of an orchid.

41
Q

Cysticercoid

A

the larval stage of certain tapeworms

41
Q

Cysticercoid

A

the larval stage of certain tapeworms

42
Q

Cysticercus

A

a small, bladder-like cyst

43
Q

Cysticercus

A

a small, bladder-like cyst

44
Q

Wolbachia sp.

A

harbored in worms

45
Q

sporocyst

A

In adult ticks, sporocysts develop within oocysts and dog becomes infected after eating a tick

46
Q

sporozoite

A

constitutes the first form of the malaria parasite entering the human body

upon ingestion of sporocysts, sporozoites can either enter GI cells or disseminate to other tissues

47
Q

Diplomonad

A

a group of flagellates, most of which are parasitic.

48
Q

Immunodiagnostics

A

tests to detect antibodies and parasite antigens

49
Q

Baermann

A

sedimentation for heavier eggs

50
Q

McMaster’s

A

fecal floatation, dilution technique

51
Q

Knott’s test

A

used to detect and identify microfilariae of filarid nematodes in blood.

heartworm

52
Q

Merogony/schizogony

A

A form of asexual reproduction whereby a parasitic protozoan replicates its own nucleus inside its host’s cell and then induces cell segmentation; schizogony

53
Q

Gamogony/gametogony

A
53
Q

Gamogony/gametogony

A
54
Q

sporogony

A

the asexual process of spore formation in parasitic sporozoans.

55
Q

Specific features of

Nematodes

A
  • Buccal cavity: is modified in the form of a hollow spear, adapted to penetrate and withdraw the contents of host cells.
  • Bursa: a lobular modification of the male posterior end in some groups of nematodes which is highly elaborated in strongylid nematodes
  • Dioecious: having individuals of separate sexes.
56
Q

Specific qualities of:

Trematodes

A
  • Monoecious: having both the male and female reproductive organs in the same individual
  • Dioecious: having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.
  • Acetabula: sucker
57
Q

Cestodes

A

Proglottids: segments with reproductive parts
strobila: a more developed form of a cysticercus
scolex: holdfast organs
rostellum: beak like head

58
Q

Protozoans

A
  • Flagellates
  • Kinetoplasts: flagellated protozoans, which are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
  • Cyst
  • Trophozoite: animal that feeds

Spring 23: DVM 638 Parasitology (4 decks)

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