Definitions - Development Gap Flashcards
Colonialism
The historical process of European countries invading and conquering countries in order to control them for many years so as to provide resources for the empire
Conservation swaps
Also known as debt for nature swaps; this is a deal reached between a country and a wealthier country to which it owes money where part of the debt is cancelled in return for conservation projects
Aid
The transfer of money, goods and expertise from a donor country to a different recipient country; it may be given rely, as a loan or with conditions attached
Development
Level of economic growth in a country; to develop is to use natural and human resources to achieve a higher standard of living
Development indicators
statistical way of comparing levels of development between countries
Exports
Products sold to other countries for money
Fair Trade
Providing better prices, working conditions and terms for farmers and workers in poorer countries ; as a result the farmers gain a better deal where prices paid are always higher than production costs to allow improved living standards and community investment
Free Trade
Equal trade between countries with all barriers removed
GDP
Gross domestic product. The total value of goods, services produced in a country by the country in a year (per capita = per person)
GNP/I
Gross national product/income. the total value of goods, services and trade within a country in a year (per capita = per person)
HDI
Human Development Index. A development indicator used to illustrate the quality of life and standard of living using more than one measure of development (life expectancy, educational attainment x2, GNP/capita PPP). It shows how people are benefitting from a country’s economic wealth.
HIPCs
Highly indebted poor countries. a group of 38 countries with the greatest poverty and debt
Imports
Product that a country buys from anther country to use
NGO
Non Governmental Organisation. A charity that is independent from the govt and thus fundraises to help others by giving aid
NIC
Newly industrialised country; an LEDC that industrialised since the 1960s and thus has developed manufacturing industries very quickly resulting in rapid export and GNP growth
Quality of Life
How well a person in a country is able to enjoy living; it refers to economic, social, physical, political and spiritual wellbeing. It cannot be measured since it is a personal view of what people value in life.
Standard of Living
The economic wealth of a country; often measured as currency ($)
Trade
The exchange of goods and services for money between countries
Trade Balance
The difference between the value of a country’s imports and exports
Trade Deficit
When a country gets into debt due to the value of the imports being greater than the value of their exports; usually due to exporting primary products (raw materials) and importing secondary products (manufactured goods)
Trade Surplus
When a country is in profit due to the value of their exports being greater than the value of the imports; usually due to importing primary products (raw materials) and exporting secondary products (manufactured goods)
Trading Groups
Agreements between countries which allow free trade between all members (like the EU)
Voluntary Aid
Money collected from the public by NGOs
Food Aid
Edible commodities donated to needy populations
Short term Aid
Aid that provides support for a short time, sometimes when there is an immediate need
Long term Aid
Aid that provides support for a long time to make changes that last
Bilateral Aid
Aid from one country to another. It may include trade and business agreements tied to the aid.
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of people today without comprising the needs of future generations
Top-Down Aid
Development projects that are imposed on people from “above”. These projects are large scale and the money is usually given to the government. They don’t consult the people in need.
Bottom-Up Aid
Development projects that start and work from the grass roots level. They’re small scale and the money is usually given to individuals of small groups and they consult the people in need.
Tied Aid
Foreign aid that must be used in the donor country to buy goods and services from the country giving aid
Emergency Aid
Money, food, goods and services given at times of dire need
Multilateral Aid
Aid that is given by a no. of richer countries who give it to organisations like the UN and the World Health Organisation which pass the money onto development projects of less developed countries.
