Definitions - Development Gap

Question 1

Colonialism

Answer 1

The historical process of European countries invading and conquering countries in order to control them for many years so as to provide resources for the empire

Question 2

Conservation swaps

Answer 2

Also known as debt for nature swaps; this is a deal reached between a country and a wealthier country to which it owes money where part of the debt is cancelled in return for conservation projects

Question 3

Aid

Answer 3

The transfer of money, goods and expertise from a donor country to a different recipient country; it may be given rely, as a loan or with conditions attached

Question 4

Development

Answer 4

Level of economic growth in a country; to develop is to use natural and human resources to achieve a higher standard of living

Question 5

Development indicators

Answer 5

statistical way of comparing levels of development between countries

Question 6

Exports

Answer 6

Products sold to other countries for money

Question 7

Fair Trade

Answer 7

Providing better prices, working conditions and terms for farmers and workers in poorer countries ; as a result the farmers gain a better deal where prices paid are always higher than production costs to allow improved living standards and community investment

Question 8

Free Trade

Answer 8

Equal trade between countries with all barriers removed

Question 9

GDP

Answer 9

Gross domestic product. The total value of goods, services produced in a country by the country in a year (per capita = per person)

Question 10

GNP/I

Answer 10

Gross national product/income. the total value of goods, services and trade within a country in a year (per capita = per person)

Question 11

HDI

Answer 11

Human Development Index. A development indicator used to illustrate the quality of life and standard of living using more than one measure of development (life expectancy, educational attainment x2, GNP/capita PPP). It shows how people are benefitting from a country’s economic wealth.

Question 12

HIPCs

Answer 12

Highly indebted poor countries. a group of 38 countries with the greatest poverty and debt

Question 13

Imports

Answer 13

Product that a country buys from anther country to use

Question 14

NGO

Answer 14

Non Governmental Organisation. A charity that is independent from the govt and thus fundraises to help others by giving aid

Question 15

NIC

Answer 15

Newly industrialised country; an LEDC that industrialised since the 1960s and thus has developed manufacturing industries very quickly resulting in rapid export and GNP growth

Question 16

Quality of Life

Answer 16

How well a person in a country is able to enjoy living; it refers to economic, social, physical, political and spiritual wellbeing. It cannot be measured since it is a personal view of what people value in life.

Question 17

Standard of Living

Answer 17

The economic wealth of a country; often measured as currency ($)

Question 18

Trade

Answer 18

The exchange of goods and services for money between countries

Question 19

Trade Balance

Answer 19

The difference between the value of a country’s imports and exports

Question 20

Trade Deficit

Answer 20

When a country gets into debt due to the value of the imports being greater than the value of their exports; usually due to exporting primary products (raw materials) and importing secondary products (manufactured goods)

Question 21

Trade Surplus

Answer 21

When a country is in profit due to the value of their exports being greater than the value of the imports; usually due to importing primary products (raw materials) and exporting secondary products (manufactured goods)

Question 22

Trading Groups

Answer 22

Agreements between countries which allow free trade between all members (like the EU)

Question 23

Voluntary Aid

Answer 23

Money collected from the public by NGOs

Question 24

Food Aid

Answer 24

Edible commodities donated to needy populations

Question 25

Short term Aid

Answer 25

Aid that provides support for a short time, sometimes when there is an immediate need

Question 26

Long term Aid

Answer 26

Aid that provides support for a long time to make changes that last

Question 27

Bilateral Aid

Answer 27

Aid from one country to another. It may include trade and business agreements tied to the aid.

Question 28

Sustainable Development

Answer 28

Development that meets the needs of people today without comprising the needs of future generations

Question 29

Top-Down Aid

Answer 29

Development projects that are imposed on people from “above”. These projects are large scale and the money is usually given to the government. They don’t consult the people in need.

Question 30

Bottom-Up Aid

Answer 30

Development projects that start and work from the grass roots level. They’re small scale and the money is usually given to individuals of small groups and they consult the people in need.

Question 31

Tied Aid

Answer 31

Foreign aid that must be used in the donor country to buy goods and services from the country giving aid

Question 32

Emergency Aid

Answer 32

Money, food, goods and services given at times of dire need

Question 33

Multilateral Aid

Answer 33

Aid that is given by a no. of richer countries who give it to organisations like the UN and the World Health Organisation which pass the money onto development projects of less developed countries.