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UK Gov and Pol Unit 1 (OB) > Definitions (Ch 1+2) > Flashcards

Definitions (Ch 1+2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Politics

A

Achieving and exercising positions of power

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2
Q

Power

A

The ability to do something

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3
Q

Authority

A

The right to take a course of action

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4
Q

Democracy

A

People get a say in decisions that are made

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5
Q

Representative Democracy

A

Citizens elect representatives to formulate legislation on their behalf

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6
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

Free and fair elections, with a belief in key rights and responsibilities

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7
Q

Totalitarian Democracy

A

Citizens can vote, but only for candidates within the ruling party

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8
Q

Majoritarian Democracy

A

Government is based on the views of the majority

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9
Q

Consensual Democracy

A

Conscious effort to include all groups - especially minorities

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10
Q

Parliamentary Democracy

A

Executive is drawn from, and is accountable for, legislature

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11
Q

Consultative Democracy

A

A traditional representative democracy that incorporates elements of direct democracy (referendums, initiatives)

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12
Q

Pluralist Democray

A

Encourages participation, with free and fair elections

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13
Q

Direct Democracy

A

Everybody can vote in every decision

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14
Q

Referendum

A

A vote by the electorate on a single (important) issue that is posed to them by the government

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15
Q

Initiative

A

A vote by the electorate on a single issue that they bring forward to the government

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16
Q

Political Participation

A

Any activity that shapes, affects, or involves the political sphere

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17
Q

Electoral Participation

A

Participation by voting in elections and referendums

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18
Q

Non-electoral Participation

A

Any participation that doesn’t include voting (canvassing, protest, staffing campaign offices)

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19
Q

Canvassing

A

Travelling door-to-door to win political support

20
Q

Turnout

A

The percentage of the electorate who vote in an election

21
Q

E-Democracy

A

Using computers, smartphones and media to aid voting process

22
Q

Citizen’s Jury

A

A panel of citizens who deliver verdict on potential government policy

23
Q

Election

A

A competitive process where the electorate vote for individuals to fill roles

24
Q

Mandate

A

An official order to take a particular course of action from the authoritative power

25
Q

Representation

A

The process by which an individual(s) acts on behalf of a wider group

26
Q

Delegate

A

Representative who is bound by clear instructions

27
Q

Trustee

A

Representative who has responsibility for interests of constituents

28
Q

Constituency

A

Geographical territory for which representatives are chosen in an election

29
Q

Simple plurality

A

Most votes wins

30
Q

Proportional representation

A

Equal translation of votes into seats

31
Q

District magnitude

A

Number of representatives from each constituency

32
Q

First past the post

A

Plurality system used for UK general election

33
Q

Supplementary vote

A

Majoritarian system used to elect mayors

34
Q

Additional member system

A

A mixed system used for Scottish Parliament and Welsh assembly elections

35
Q

Regional list

A

Proportional system used for European Parliament elections

36
Q

Single transferable vote

A

Proportional system used for Northern Ireland Assembly elections

37
Q

Wasted vote

A

A vote that has no impact on result (surplus vote for winning candidate in FPTP or for losing candidate in FPTP)

38
Q

Safe seat

A

A constituency that usually elects an MP from the same party comfortably

39
Q

Tactical voting

A

Knowing your preferred candidate won’t win, so voting for the one most likely to defeat your least favoured candidate

40
Q

Minority government

A

Largest party forms a government without majority of seats, relying on support from opposition MPs

41
Q

Social class

A

A group defined by their social and economic status

42
Q

Partisanship

A

Having a strong attachment to a single political party

43
Q

Dealignment

A

Moving away from traditional class and partisan voting tendencies

44
Q

Rational choice model

A

People vote in pursuit of their own interests

45
Q

Valence issue

A

An issue which parties broadly agree on. The electorate decide who they trust more to deliver

46
Q

Apathy

A

Not voting as the individual is content with the status quo

UK Gov and Pol Unit 1 (OB) (5 decks)

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