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Biology plants and animal responses > definitions - behaviour > Flashcards

definitions - behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Zeitgeber

A

An external or environmental cue such as light, temperature or time of day, which entrains, or synchronizes, an organism’s biological rhythms to the Earth’s 24-hour light/dark cycle and 12 month cycle.

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2
Q

Territory

A

Aera that is defended by an animal

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3
Q

Circaannual

A

A rhythm of about 1 year

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4
Q

crepuscular

A

Active at dawn and dusk

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5
Q

Orthokinesis

A

Orientation response in which the strength of the stimulus determines the rate of linear movement

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6
Q

klinotaxis

A

An organism continuously samples the environment with a single receptor to compare the stimulus over time.

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7
Q

Phototropism

A

Growth of a plant towards or away from light

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8
Q

Entrainment

A

Process by which an internal clock becomes reset by rhythmic environmental influences

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9
Q

Auxin

A

Growth hormone which plays an essential part in tropism in stems and leave, and also in numerous growth processes

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10
Q

Biological clocks

A

internal timing system that continues without external cues, and control (to some extent) the timing of activities of plants and animals.

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11
Q

Homing

A

The ability of animals to find and return to the home site.

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12
Q

Day neutral plant

A

A plant that flowers independently of the day length or seasons

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13
Q

Photoperiodism

A

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day and night. Photoperiodism occurs in both plants and animals.

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14
Q

Exogenous

A

Driven by external stimuli (environmental cues)

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15
Q

Phytochrome

A

A plant pigment that controls the photoperiodic response

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16
Q

Tropism

A

A tropism is the growth or turning movement of a plant in response to an environmental stimulus.

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17
Q

Klinokinesis

A

Orientation response in which the strength of the stimulus determines the rate of turning

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18
Q

Diurnal

A

Active during daylight

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19
Q

Phase-shift

A

When the onset of the period of the rhythm is changed (either earlier or later).

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20
Q

Circatidal

A

A rhythm of about 12.5 hours

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21
Q

Nastic response

A

Nastic responses are non-directional movement responses to stimuli.

The rate or frequency of these responses increases as the intensity of the stimulus increases.

22
Q

kinesis

A

Kinesis is the movement or activity of cell or organism in response to a stimulus. However, unlike a tropism or a taxis, the response to the stimulus is non-directional. - Its like running away or turning away or to a stimulus

23
Q

taxes

A

A taxis is the directional movement of an organism in response to a stimulus, such as light or the presence of food.

24
Q

Tropotaxis

A

An organism with bilateral sense organs determines the direction of a stimulus through simultaneous comparison

25
Q

Thigmotaxis

A

Thigmotaxis is the movement of an organism toward or away from any object which provides a mechanical stimulus, such a sound, pressure, movement etc.

26
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

27
Q

Geotaxis

A

Geotaxis is the movement of a motile organism in response to the stimulus of gravity.

28
Q

Hydrotaxis

A

Hydrotaxis is the directional movement of an organism or cell in response to the stimulus of water.

29
Q

Directional movement

A

Means that there is +ive and -ive directions in the movement response

30
Q

Non-directional movement

A

Means that there is no +ive or -ive the organism just does it or doesn’t do it.

31
Q

Is taxes directional?

A

YAS

32
Q

Is kinesis directional?

A

Na

33
Q

Are nastic responses directional

A

no

34
Q

Thigmonastic movement

A

Non-directional rapid movement response to touch or a vibration

35
Q

Photonasty:

A

The non directional response of an organism to a change in light intensity.

36
Q

Chemonasty:

A

The non directional response of an organism to a chemical stimulus.

37
Q

Thermonasty:

A

The non directional response of an organism to a temperature stimulus e.g. temperature changes can induce the opening of some flowers.

38
Q

Are tropisms directional?

A

Ye

39
Q

Gibberellins

A

promote stem elongation and are also involved in flowering and seed germination.

40
Q

Cytokinins

A

are hormones which promote cell division.

41
Q

Abscisic acid

A

is involved in opening and closing of the stomata on leaves.

42
Q

Ethylene

A

is a plant hormone involved in the ripening of fruit and abscission (the shedding of various parts of a plant, including the dropping of a leaf, fruit, flower or seed

43
Q

Name the four main plant hormones

A

Gibberellins
Cytokinis
Abscisic acid
Ethylene

44
Q

Hydrotropism

A

is a plant’s growth response in which direction of growth is determined by a stimulus or gradient in water concentration.

45
Q

Gravitropism

A

is a turning or growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity.

46
Q

Thigmotropism

A

is the movement or growth of a plant in response to touch or contact stimuli. Thigmotropism usually occurs when plants grow around a surface, such as when tendrils on a bean plant coil around a trellis.

47
Q

Chemotropism

A

is the movement or growth of an organism, or parts of an organism in response to chemicals.

48
Q

Mutualism

A

is the existence of two organisms of different species in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.

49
Q

Commensalism

A

is a class of relationships between two organisms where one organism benefits without affecting the other.

50
Q

Exploitation

A

can be defined as the action of making use of and benefiting from resources. Interspecific competition exploitation includes herbivory, predation, and parasitism; processes which co-exist within ecological communities.

51
Q

Interspecific competition

A

is a form of competition which occurs between members of two or more different species.

52
Q

Competition

A

is an interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of the other.

Biology plants and animal responses (1 decks)

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