definitions - behaviour

Question 1

Zeitgeber

Answer 1

An external or environmental cue such as light, temperature or time of day, which entrains, or synchronizes, an organism’s biological rhythms to the Earth’s 24-hour light/dark cycle and 12 month cycle.

Question 2

Territory

Answer 2

Aera that is defended by an animal

Question 3

Circaannual

Answer 3

A rhythm of about 1 year

Question 4

crepuscular

Answer 4

Active at dawn and dusk

Question 5

Orthokinesis

Answer 5

Orientation response in which the strength of the stimulus determines the rate of linear movement

Question 6

klinotaxis

Answer 6

An organism continuously samples the environment with a single receptor to compare the stimulus over time.

Question 7

Phototropism

Answer 7

Growth of a plant towards or away from light

Question 8

Entrainment

Answer 8

Process by which an internal clock becomes reset by rhythmic environmental influences

Question 9

Auxin

Answer 9

Growth hormone which plays an essential part in tropism in stems and leave, and also in numerous growth processes

Question 10

Biological clocks

Answer 10

internal timing system that continues without external cues, and control (to some extent) the timing of activities of plants and animals.

Question 11

Homing

Answer 11

The ability of animals to find and return to the home site.

Question 12

Day neutral plant

Answer 12

A plant that flowers independently of the day length or seasons

Question 13

Photoperiodism

Answer 13

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day and night. Photoperiodism occurs in both plants and animals.

Question 14

Exogenous

Answer 14

Driven by external stimuli (environmental cues)

Question 15

Phytochrome

Answer 15

A plant pigment that controls the photoperiodic response

Question 16

Tropism

Answer 16

A tropism is the growth or turning movement of a plant in response to an environmental stimulus.

Question 17

Klinokinesis

Answer 17

Orientation response in which the strength of the stimulus determines the rate of turning

Question 18

Diurnal

Answer 18

Active during daylight

Question 19

Phase-shift

Answer 19

When the onset of the period of the rhythm is changed (either earlier or later).

Question 20

Circatidal

Answer 20

A rhythm of about 12.5 hours

Question 21

Nastic response

Answer 21

Nastic responses are non-directional movement responses to stimuli.

The rate or frequency of these responses increases as the intensity of the stimulus increases.

Question 22

kinesis

Answer 22

Kinesis is the movement or activity of cell or organism in response to a stimulus. However, unlike a tropism or a taxis, the response to the stimulus is non-directional. - Its like running away or turning away or to a stimulus

Question 23

taxes

Answer 23

A taxis is the directional movement of an organism in response to a stimulus, such as light or the presence of food.

Question 24

Tropotaxis

Answer 24

An organism with bilateral sense organs determines the direction of a stimulus through simultaneous comparison

Question 25

Thigmotaxis

Answer 25

Thigmotaxis is the movement of an organism toward or away from any object which provides a mechanical stimulus, such a sound, pressure, movement etc.

Question 26

Chemotaxis

Answer 26

Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

Question 27

Geotaxis

Answer 27

Geotaxis is the movement of a motile organism in response to the stimulus of gravity.

Question 28

Hydrotaxis

Answer 28

Hydrotaxis is the directional movement of an organism or cell in response to the stimulus of water.

Question 29

Directional movement

Answer 29

Means that there is +ive and -ive directions in the movement response

Question 30

Non-directional movement

Answer 30

Means that there is no +ive or -ive the organism just does it or doesn't do it.

Question 31

Is taxes directional?

Answer 31

YAS

Question 32

Is kinesis directional?

Answer 32

Na

Question 33

Are nastic responses directional

Answer 33

no

Question 34

Thigmonastic movement

Answer 34

Non-directional rapid movement response to touch or a vibration

Question 35

Photonasty:

Answer 35

The non directional response of an organism to a change in light intensity.

Question 36

Chemonasty:

Answer 36

The non directional response of an organism to a chemical stimulus.

Question 37

Thermonasty:

Answer 37

The non directional response of an organism to a temperature stimulus e.g. temperature changes can induce the opening of some flowers.

Question 38

Are tropisms directional?

Answer 38

Ye

Question 39

Gibberellins

Answer 39

promote stem elongation and are also involved in flowering and seed germination.

Question 40

Cytokinins

Answer 40

are hormones which promote cell division.

Question 41

Abscisic acid

Answer 41

is involved in opening and closing of the stomata on leaves.

Question 42

Ethylene

Answer 42

is a plant hormone involved in the ripening of fruit and abscission (the shedding of various parts of a plant, including the dropping of a leaf, fruit, flower or seed

Question 43

Name the four main plant hormones

Answer 43

Gibberellins Cytokinis Abscisic acid Ethylene

Question 44

Hydrotropism

Answer 44

is a plant's growth response in which direction of growth is determined by a stimulus or gradient in water concentration.

Question 45

Gravitropism

Answer 45

is a turning or growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity.

Question 46

Thigmotropism

Answer 46

is the movement or growth of a plant in response to touch or contact stimuli. Thigmotropism usually occurs when plants grow around a surface, such as when tendrils on a bean plant coil around a trellis.

Question 47

Chemotropism

Answer 47

is the movement or growth of an organism, or parts of an organism in response to chemicals.

Question 48

Mutualism

Answer 48

is the existence of two organisms of different species in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.

Question 49

Commensalism

Answer 49

is a class of relationships between two organisms where one organism benefits without affecting the other.

Question 50

Exploitation

Answer 50

can be defined as the action of making use of and benefiting from resources. Interspecific competition exploitation includes herbivory, predation, and parasitism; processes which co-exist within ecological communities.

Question 51

Interspecific competition

Answer 51

is a form of competition which occurs between members of two or more different species.

Question 52

Competition

Answer 52

is an interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of the other.