Definitions, Aspects, Theories Flashcards
1
Q
define sexuality
A
- uniquely human trait
- capacity to have erotic experiences and responses
2
Q
what determines sexual orientation
A
- sexual feelings and sexual attraction of one person to another
3
Q
list some different types of sexual orientation
A
- heterosexuality
- homosexuality
- bisexuality
- pansexuality
- asexuality
4
Q
what is sexuality more than
A
- more than just mating rituals
- more than physical sex
5
Q
what are some things that shape sexuality
A
- culture and tradition
- societal beliefs
- life experiences
- personal beliefs
6
Q
a peron’s sexuality is ______ and _______
A
unique and individual
7
Q
what is sexuality
A
how we experience and express ourselves sexually
8
Q
does sexuality stay the same all throughout life
A
- develops and changes throughout a person’s life
9
Q
for how long is sexuality a part of us
A
- for all our life
10
Q
define sexology
A
- the study of human sexuality
11
Q
describe the broad area that is sexology
A
- study related to individual’s sex, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation
12
Q
list some theories guiding our thoughts about sexuality
A
- nature versus nurture
- evolutionary
- biological / physiological
- psychological
- sociocultural
13
Q
do people have to stick to one theory about sexuality
A
most theorists utilise multiple perspectives
14
Q
what do you need to take into consideration in human sexuality
A
- genetics
- mental
- social
- cultural
- educational
- environmental
15
Q
[nature vs nurture] who had the theory of Nature
A
- sigmund freud
16
Q
[nature vs nurture] what is the nature theory
A
- that sexual drives people have are instinctive
- sexuality is a central source of human personality
17
Q
[nature vs nurture] who had the theory of Nurture
A
- john locke
18
Q
[nature vs nurture] what is the nurture theory
A
- the mind is a blank state
- one’s sexuality is driven by the environment one develops
19
Q
[evolutionary] what is evolutionary theoru
A
- sexuality serves to reproduce
- primary goal is to pass on one’s genes
20
Q
[evolutionary] what is unique about the human species
A
- sex in private
- upright posture -> changed human sexual intercourse
- visual cues -> increased in importance
- male genitals and female breasts more visible
- human male has largest penis of all primates (but not biggest testicles_
- female pelvis rotated forward to allow face-to-face intercourse
- enhanced female stimulation and orgasm
- concealed “hidden” ovulation
- menopause
- involvement of the father
21
Q
[biological / physiological] what does biological / physiological theory look at
A
- human reproduction
- sexual intercourse
- organic responses
- neurological responses
- hormonal issues
- heredity
- gender issues
- sexual dysfunction
22
Q
[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - anatomical
A
- anatomical similarity between men and women EXCEPT GENITALIA AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
23
Q
[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - physical mechanisms
A
differences in physical mechanisms - procreation and performance of sexual acts
24
Q
[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - sexual stimuli
A
- similar reaction to sexual stimuli (minor differences)
25
[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - production cycle
- monthly reproductive cycle in women
vs
- continuous male sperm production cycle
26
[biological / physiological] what is the brain responsible for
- translation of nerve impulses (for pleasurable sensations)
- control of anatomical structures used during sexual behaviour
- hormone release (physiological origin of sexual desire)
- cerebral cortex (origin of sexual thoughts / fantasies)
- limbic system (origin of emotions and feelings - sexual behaviour)
- hypothalamus and pituitary gland (oxytocin - hormone of love, prolactin, FSH, LH)
27
[biological / physiological] female external anatomy: what are the external reproductive organs / genitalia collectively known as
the vulva
28
[biological / physiological] female external anatomy - is there any variation in appearance
yes
29
[biological / physiological] female internal anatomy- name parts
- vagina
- G spot
- uterus (endometrium important)
- uterine tubes
- ovaries (female gonads) - production of female hormones (progesterone, oestrogen)
30
[biological / physiological] female internal anatomy - what is similar between the female gonads (ovaries) and male gonads (testicles)
same embryonic tissue
31
[biological / physiological] name components of the male external anatomy (genitalia)
- penis (root, shaft, glans)
- scrotum (containing testes)
32
[biological / physiological] name components of the male internal anatomy
- testicles (male gonads)
- duct system (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra)
- prostate (where semen produced)
- seminal vesicles
- Cowper's gland
33
[biological / physiological] define sexual response cycle
- physiological responses to sexual stimulation
34
[biological / physiological] sexual response cycle - 4 phases
- excitement phase (somatic or psychological)
- platform / plateau phase
- orgasmic (involuntary - more biological for men; more psychological for women)
- resolution (then a Refractory phase)
35
[biological / physiological] sexual response cycle - who came up with
- Masters
- Johnson
36
[biological / physiological] excitement phase in Female Sexual Response
Excitement
- increased RR, HR, BP
- sexual flush
- breasts increase in size
- erection of nipples & areola engorgement
- incr diameter of clitoris, swelling labia minora and vagina
- vaginal lubrication
- uterine (uterus) elevation and growth in size
37
[biological / physiological] plateau phase in Female Sexual Response
- intensification of excitement physiological changes
38
[biological / physiological] orgasm phase in Female Sexual Response
- maximum of HR, RR, BP, muscle tension
- contractions of pelvic muscles, vagina, anal sphincter, uterus
- high level of pleasure (all orgasms centre in clitoris)
39
[biological / physiological] resolution phase in Female Sexual Response
- reversal all changes form excitement phase
- loss of sexual tension and flush
40
[biological / physiological] excitement phase in Male Sexual Response
- vasoconstriction in penis
- thickening of scrotum
- shortening spermatic cord
- engorgement of testicles
- increase HR
41
[biological / physiological] plateau phase in Male Sexual Response
- increase penile diameter
- increased testicular engorgement
- pre-seminal fluid secretion (Cowper's gland)
42
[biological / physiological] orgasm phase in Male Sexual Response
(2) phases
- emission phase
- ejaculation (expulsion phase)
43
[biological / physiological] resolution phase in Male Sexual Response
- unaroused state
- refractory or rest period (increases with age)
44
[psychological] what does psychological theory about sexuality encompass
- psychological influences affecting sexual behaviour and experiences
45
[psychological] who carried out psychological analysis
Sigmund Freud
46
[psychological] what approach did Sigmund Freud use
- psychoanalytic approach
47
[psychological] psychoanalytic approach is the ___ influential psychological theory of sexuality
most
48
[psychological] according to Sigmund Freud, what is sex drive?
- very important life force
49
[psychological] what (3) concepts did Sigmund Freud describe for personality formation
- personality formation
- erogenous zones
- psychosexual development
50
[psychological] according to Freud, when was personality formed
- basic personality formed within first six years of life
51
define gender identity
sense of identification as female, male, both, or neither
52
define sexual orientation
degree of emotional and physical attraction to:
- opposite sex (heterosexual)
- same sex (homosexual)
- both (bisexual)
which influences sexual behaviour and intimate relationships
53
in the 19th century what was homosexuality considered
pathology
54
what was sigmund freud's belief in sexual orientation
all humans capable of becoming heterosexual or homosexual - neither orientation is innate
- orientation depended on how the oedipus complex resolved
- believed in reverse gender roles
55
havelock ellis believed which factors may be linked to homosexuality as an inborn (not immoral, not pathology)
havelock ellis believed ___ ____ roles contributed to homosexuality, despite ____ strong evidence of orientation associated with atypical gender roles
- genetic
- anatomic
- birth order
- hormones in prenatal env
- reversed gender roles
- no
56
what was The Social Hygiene Movement of the 20th century
- virtuous women catching STIs from husbands sleeping w prostitutes
- began requiring blood tests before marriage
- prostitution arrests by law enforcement
- early advocates of sex education in schools for girls and boys
57
in 20th century, Sexology occured which....
was the scientific pursuit to understand human sexuality
58
in sexology who had the sexual response physiology
Masters and Johnson
59
who implemented the first large-scale survey of adult sexual behaviour in the US for sexology ie/ initiated the modern era of sex research
Alfred Kinsey
60
what was Margaret Sanger known for (20th century)
feminism
"it is none of society's business what a woman shall do with her body"
- published BC literature
- opened BC clinic that became Planned Parenthood organisation
61
feminism allowed a line to be drawn between........... allowing for.............
- reproduction & sexual pleasure
- allowing for more emphasis on sexual pleasure in society
62
Gay Liberation occurred in which century and what decade
20th century, 1970
63
what were homosexuals viewed as prior to gay liberation
perverts praying on the youth
64
what was attempted to rid homosexuality
- medical "cures" attempted
65
American Psychiatric Association did what which impacted homosexuality
remove homosexuality from DSM
66
in what decade did the AIDS epidemic occur
1980
67
during gay liberation was gay marriage controversial
yes
68
describe human sexuality as a biopsychosocial phenomenon
biological: the body, sex hormones
psychological: emotions, experience, meaning of experiences
social: rules, morals, values, prejudices
