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Sex & Sexuality + Women's Health > Definitions, Aspects, Theories > Flashcards

Definitions, Aspects, Theories Flashcards

1
Q

define sexuality

A
  • uniquely human trait
  • capacity to have erotic experiences and responses
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2
Q

what determines sexual orientation

A
  • sexual feelings and sexual attraction of one person to another
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3
Q

list some different types of sexual orientation

A
  • heterosexuality
  • homosexuality
  • bisexuality
  • pansexuality
  • asexuality
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4
Q

what is sexuality more than

A
  • more than just mating rituals
  • more than physical sex
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5
Q

what are some things that shape sexuality

A
  • culture and tradition
  • societal beliefs
  • life experiences
  • personal beliefs
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6
Q

a peron’s sexuality is ______ and _______

A

unique and individual

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7
Q

what is sexuality

A

how we experience and express ourselves sexually

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8
Q

does sexuality stay the same all throughout life

A
  • develops and changes throughout a person’s life
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9
Q

for how long is sexuality a part of us

A
  • for all our life
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10
Q

define sexology

A
  • the study of human sexuality
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11
Q

describe the broad area that is sexology

A
  • study related to individual’s sex, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation
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12
Q

list some theories guiding our thoughts about sexuality

A
  • nature versus nurture
  • evolutionary
  • biological / physiological
  • psychological
  • sociocultural
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13
Q

do people have to stick to one theory about sexuality

A

most theorists utilise multiple perspectives

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14
Q

what do you need to take into consideration in human sexuality

A
  • genetics
  • mental
  • social
  • cultural
  • educational
  • environmental
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15
Q

[nature vs nurture] who had the theory of Nature

A
  • sigmund freud
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16
Q

[nature vs nurture] what is the nature theory

A
  • that sexual drives people have are instinctive
  • sexuality is a central source of human personality
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17
Q

[nature vs nurture] who had the theory of Nurture

A
  • john locke
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18
Q

[nature vs nurture] what is the nurture theory

A
  • the mind is a blank state
  • one’s sexuality is driven by the environment one develops
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19
Q

[evolutionary] what is evolutionary theoru

A
  • sexuality serves to reproduce
  • primary goal is to pass on one’s genes
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20
Q

[evolutionary] what is unique about the human species

A
  • sex in private
  • upright posture -> changed human sexual intercourse
  • visual cues -> increased in importance
  • male genitals and female breasts more visible
  • human male has largest penis of all primates (but not biggest testicles_
  • female pelvis rotated forward to allow face-to-face intercourse
  • enhanced female stimulation and orgasm
  • concealed “hidden” ovulation
  • menopause
  • involvement of the father
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21
Q

[biological / physiological] what does biological / physiological theory look at

A
  • human reproduction
  • sexual intercourse
  • organic responses
  • neurological responses
  • hormonal issues
  • heredity
  • gender issues
  • sexual dysfunction
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22
Q

[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - anatomical

A
  • anatomical similarity between men and women EXCEPT GENITALIA AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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23
Q

[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - physical mechanisms

A

differences in physical mechanisms - procreation and performance of sexual acts

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24
Q

[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - sexual stimuli

A
  • similar reaction to sexual stimuli (minor differences)
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25
Q

[biological / physiological] biological sexes compared - production cycle

A
  • monthly reproductive cycle in women
    vs
  • continuous male sperm production cycle
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26
Q

[biological / physiological] what is the brain responsible for

A
  • translation of nerve impulses (for pleasurable sensations)
  • control of anatomical structures used during sexual behaviour
  • hormone release (physiological origin of sexual desire)
  • cerebral cortex (origin of sexual thoughts / fantasies)
  • limbic system (origin of emotions and feelings - sexual behaviour)
  • hypothalamus and pituitary gland (oxytocin - hormone of love, prolactin, FSH, LH)
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27
Q

[biological / physiological] female external anatomy: what are the external reproductive organs / genitalia collectively known as

A

the vulva

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28
Q

[biological / physiological] female external anatomy - is there any variation in appearance

A

yes

29
Q

[biological / physiological] female internal anatomy- name parts

A
  • vagina
  • G spot
  • uterus (endometrium important)
  • uterine tubes
  • ovaries (female gonads) - production of female hormones (progesterone, oestrogen)
30
Q

[biological / physiological] female internal anatomy - what is similar between the female gonads (ovaries) and male gonads (testicles)

A

same embryonic tissue

31
Q

[biological / physiological] name components of the male external anatomy (genitalia)

A
  • penis (root, shaft, glans)
  • scrotum (containing testes)
32
Q

[biological / physiological] name components of the male internal anatomy

A
  • testicles (male gonads)
  • duct system (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra)
  • prostate (where semen produced)
  • seminal vesicles
  • Cowper’s gland
33
Q

[biological / physiological] define sexual response cycle

A
  • physiological responses to sexual stimulation
34
Q

[biological / physiological] sexual response cycle - 4 phases

A
  • excitement phase (somatic or psychological)
  • platform / plateau phase
  • orgasmic (involuntary - more biological for men; more psychological for women)
  • resolution (then a Refractory phase)
35
Q

[biological / physiological] sexual response cycle - who came up with

A
  • Masters
  • Johnson
36
Q

[biological / physiological] excitement phase in Female Sexual Response

A

Excitement
- increased RR, HR, BP
- sexual flush
- breasts increase in size
- erection of nipples & areola engorgement
- incr diameter of clitoris, swelling labia minora and vagina
- vaginal lubrication
- uterine (uterus) elevation and growth in size

37
Q

[biological / physiological] plateau phase in Female Sexual Response

A
  • intensification of excitement physiological changes
38
Q

[biological / physiological] orgasm phase in Female Sexual Response

A
  • maximum of HR, RR, BP, muscle tension
  • contractions of pelvic muscles, vagina, anal sphincter, uterus
  • high level of pleasure (all orgasms centre in clitoris)
39
Q

[biological / physiological] resolution phase in Female Sexual Response

A
  • reversal all changes form excitement phase
  • loss of sexual tension and flush
40
Q

[biological / physiological] excitement phase in Male Sexual Response

A
  • vasoconstriction in penis
  • thickening of scrotum
  • shortening spermatic cord
  • engorgement of testicles
  • increase HR
41
Q

[biological / physiological] plateau phase in Male Sexual Response

A
  • increase penile diameter
  • increased testicular engorgement
  • pre-seminal fluid secretion (Cowper’s gland)
42
Q

[biological / physiological] orgasm phase in Male Sexual Response

A

(2) phases
- emission phase
- ejaculation (expulsion phase)

43
Q

[biological / physiological] resolution phase in Male Sexual Response

A
  • unaroused state
  • refractory or rest period (increases with age)
44
Q

[psychological] what does psychological theory about sexuality encompass

A
  • psychological influences affecting sexual behaviour and experiences
45
Q

[psychological] who carried out psychological analysis

A

Sigmund Freud

46
Q

[psychological] what approach did Sigmund Freud use

A
  • psychoanalytic approach
47
Q

[psychological] psychoanalytic approach is the ___ influential psychological theory of sexuality

A

most

48
Q

[psychological] according to Sigmund Freud, what is sex drive?

A
  • very important life force
49
Q

[psychological] what (3) concepts did Sigmund Freud describe for personality formation

A
  • personality formation
  • erogenous zones
  • psychosexual development
50
Q

[psychological] according to Freud, when was personality formed

A
  • basic personality formed within first six years of life
51
Q

define gender identity

A

sense of identification as female, male, both, or neither

52
Q

define sexual orientation

A

degree of emotional and physical attraction to:
- opposite sex (heterosexual)
- same sex (homosexual)
- both (bisexual)
which influences sexual behaviour and intimate relationships

53
Q

in the 19th century what was homosexuality considered

A

pathology

54
Q

what was sigmund freud’s belief in sexual orientation

A

all humans capable of becoming heterosexual or homosexual - neither orientation is innate
- orientation depended on how the oedipus complex resolved
- believed in reverse gender roles

55
Q

havelock ellis believed which factors may be linked to homosexuality as an inborn (not immoral, not pathology)

havelock ellis believed ___ ____ roles contributed to homosexuality, despite ____ strong evidence of orientation associated with atypical gender roles

A
  • genetic
  • anatomic
  • birth order
  • hormones in prenatal env
  • reversed gender roles
  • no
56
Q

what was The Social Hygiene Movement of the 20th century

A
  • virtuous women catching STIs from husbands sleeping w prostitutes
  • began requiring blood tests before marriage
  • prostitution arrests by law enforcement
  • early advocates of sex education in schools for girls and boys
57
Q

in 20th century, Sexology occured which….

A

was the scientific pursuit to understand human sexuality

58
Q

in sexology who had the sexual response physiology

A

Masters and Johnson

59
Q

who implemented the first large-scale survey of adult sexual behaviour in the US for sexology ie/ initiated the modern era of sex research

A

Alfred Kinsey

60
Q

what was Margaret Sanger known for (20th century)

A

feminism
“it is none of society’s business what a woman shall do with her body”
- published BC literature
- opened BC clinic that became Planned Parenthood organisation

61
Q

feminism allowed a line to be drawn between……….. allowing for………….

A
  • reproduction & sexual pleasure
  • allowing for more emphasis on sexual pleasure in society
62
Q

Gay Liberation occurred in which century and what decade

A

20th century, 1970

63
Q

what were homosexuals viewed as prior to gay liberation

A

perverts praying on the youth

64
Q

what was attempted to rid homosexuality

A
  • medical “cures” attempted
65
Q

American Psychiatric Association did what which impacted homosexuality

A

remove homosexuality from DSM

66
Q

in what decade did the AIDS epidemic occur

A

1980

67
Q

during gay liberation was gay marriage controversial

A

yes

68
Q

describe human sexuality as a biopsychosocial phenomenon

A

biological: the body, sex hormones
psychological: emotions, experience, meaning of experiences
social: rules, morals, values, prejudices

Sex & Sexuality + Women's Health (4 decks)

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