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CANS 200 > Definitions and Themes > Flashcards

Definitions and Themes Flashcards

1
Q

Indian Act 1876

A

federal law governing Indian practices including status and legal affairs, originally intended to guarantee land and rights which was only recognized in 1973

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2
Q

Inuit Dog Slaughter

A

Inuit dogs had large purpose within the communities (hunting, transportation), forced settlement resulted in mass slaughter of dogs on pretext of public safety (Indian Act prevented legal action, said it was livestock and compared to agricultural law)

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3
Q

potlach ban

A

marked special occasions, commemorated celebrations and social obligations, liberal idea of property and distribution of wealth challenged, banned 1883-1951

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4
Q

understanding of treaties

A

Indigenous communities understood as ongoing and changed as needed, Canadian treaties involve land occupation and set terms (marriage vs divorce), began in 1870’s

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5
Q

Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2015

A

Acknowledgement of residential schooling as dispossessing Indigenous nations of land/sovereignty, evading treaty obligations, leads to 94 calls to action

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6
Q

94 Calls to Action

A

actionable policy recommendations meant to aid healing process by acknowledging history and creating systems to prevent these abuses from happening

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7
Q

colonization

A

action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area, motivated by religious wars, tech innovation, economic benefits, pressures of sovereign identity, fear of invasion

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8
Q

colonialism

A

policy or practice of acquiring political control over country, occupying with settlers and exploiting it economically
Systems of belief based on prejudice continue
Justified by Pristine Myth and Ignoble/Noble savage

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9
Q

settler colonialism

A

type that functions through displacement of indigenous populations with an invasive settler society that develops a distinctive identity and sovereignty

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10
Q

imperialism

A

policy of extending country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force, unequal human and territorial relationship

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11
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

setting foundation for further French colonization 1534 with the navigation of the St. Lawrence River

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12
Q

Samuel De Champlain

A

advocate of colonization, “Father of New France” for establishing the colony of Quebec 1603-1635 and Quebec city 1608

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13
Q

Louis Riel

A

Leader of Metis, leads the Red River Resistance, forces John A Macdonald to renegotiate land treaties with Indigenous communities, leads to Founding of Manitoba, North West resistance 1885 leads to railway extension and new military use, Execution creates tensions between French and English

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14
Q

events of French Canadian Tension

A

Battle of Plains of Abraham, Constitutional Act of 1771, Durham Report, Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Referendum, October Crisis

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15
Q

Battle of Plains of Abraham

A

1759 British victory over the French, increased protestant and catholic feuds and relationships to Crown, surrender of Quebec to British

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16
Q

Constitutional Act of 1771

A

divides French Lower Canada and English Upper Canada

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17
Q

Durham Report

A

1839 believed different educational systems made tensions worse, surveys conditions of rebellions of 1837, belief of violent division between French and English Canada

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18
Q

Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

A

reveals failure of establishing both languages equally

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19
Q

Robert Bourassa

A

Liberal Party of Quebec premier, in charge during October Crisis and Meech Lake Accord, declares French as sole language of Quebec, idea of Quebec nationalism

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20
Q

Front du Liberation du Quebec (FLQ)

A

1963 terrorist group with the goal of ending Anglo Saxon Imperialism and colonialism with the goal of making Quebec a sovereign nation, 200 bombings and 6 murders

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21
Q

October Crisis Timeline

A

October 5: kidnapping of James Cross
October 10: kidnapping of Pierre Laporte
October 13: CBC reporter asks Trudeau how far he is willing to go to deal with FLQ, he responds “Just watch me”, shows how far the federal government will go to meet his objectives, and how easy it is
October 16: War Measures Act implemented, greatly limiting rights of citizens and giving great power to police
October 17: execution of Pierre Laporte, leads to shift in support
December 4: release of James Cross

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22
Q

seven years war

A

concern of Acadian neutrality result in expulsion 1755, France has victories but loses Louisburg and St. Lawrence in 1758, naval blockade makes vulnerable, Britain emerges dominant imperial power

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23
Q

Quebec’s Quiet Revolution

A

move from church to state, new middle class, hydropower as large power

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24
Q

Quebec Referendum

A

separation of Quebec from Canada, very narrow no, Independence would lead to job insecurity

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25
Parizeau
in charge during referendum, blames immigrants and Anglophones for no vote and is essentially forced out of office, Liberal party wins next election
26
Bill 21
religious symbols in public sector jobs, strains Franco-Anglophone relationships
27
Bill 96
French as the official language of Quebec
28
Patriation of the Constitution
Day Canada became a country, stopped needing Britain's permission to amend the constitution, Quebec would not sign, leads to Oakes test, R v Morgentaler, same sex rights, basis of rights in other countries
29
Canadian Citizenship Act
1947 declares Canada distinct from Britain
30
Charlottetown conference
negotiations to confederation, lays groundwork for conciliation policies and compromise with local governments
31
Constitutional Act of 1791
upper and lower Canada divided by French and British laws
32
war of 1812
Britain and Great France, results from restrictions on US trade, Canada interpreted as win while the US saw it as a tie, begins Confederation, Loss of land and livelihood for Indigenous people, Leads to migration of Black people to Canada
33
Laura Secord
1813 warns British troops of American attack, female loyalty symbol, patriotism connected to Canadian nationalism, domesticated as white women
34
Flag Day
Political ploys used for sovereignty agendas, propaganda, met with backlash for creating idea of unity – Quebec, Harper government uses as conservative symbol and warrior ideology for military tradition, Liberals/Chrétien government outlines consequences of sovereignty, Symbols covering rather than addressing issues
35
Canadian History of racism and Black Canadians
City of Halifax Africville destruction 1964, relocation of Black Canadians due to economic hardship 1930, authorities paying to warn African Americans that Canada was unsuitable
36
nationalism
political independence of a nation, defined by exclusion of others, common points of language/traditions/symbols/history
37
immigration in Canada
Ambitious ideas from Liberals setting large hopes in Covid, large public unease and push back, resettlement programs are actually small, only make Canada look good in comparison to other countries, Pandemic increases racism, Muslims targeted
38
Multiculturalism Act
based on promoting equitable participation in evolution of Canadian society, sought to remove barriers preventing full participation in Canadian society, Charter of Rights and Freedoms entrenches multiculturalism into the Constitution
39
Quebec and multiculturalism
proposes interculturalism, acknowledging French majority as minority
40
Stephen Harper
conservative prime minister, dismisses Alan Kurdi drowning and loses reelection, prioritizes integration over accommodation
41
Egan v Canada
spousal benefits leading to sexual orientation as covered under Charter, Alberta fights, backed by Equality for All Report
42
Edmund Burke Society
1967 obsessed with white supremacy in the face of immigration, opposing the rights revolution, conservative views to outright racism, Stormed black performance in Nazi uniforms 1975, Western Guard use of riffles
43
Right Revolution
period between WW2 and signing of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 when awareness/support for human rights increased, challenges to parliamentary supremacy, expanding role of state and innovations in public policy, explosion of social movement activity in sixties, changing attitudes towards freedom and equality, Great depression had led to scapegoats, Bills of rights released 1944-1982, Welfare state: pension plans, OAS, medicare, impact of grassroot activism reaching point in 60's and 70's, formation of organizations representing movement, legal reform as a form, but also through education, civil disobedience, pride parades – force ideas of equality
44
1929 Persons Case
UK acknowledges Canadian women as people, Education, commerce and politics has increased and women had played a larger role in these areas, Abolition of marriage banns and marriage bars, Enhancement of birth control, legalized abortion, divorce laws, Famous Five BNA unclear exclusion
45
gender equity improvement
pay equity, women's education, occupational shifts, unionization for women, decline of manufacturing jobs (male dominated) IMPROVES
46
gender equity barriers
Systemic barriers: women as lower income earners, STEM fields, political positions, working while also contributing more of domestic work, childcare
47
école polytechnique massacre
14 women dead, 10 women injured, 4 men injured, First large-scale Canadian massacre, Marce Lepine: women should not be in male-dominated fields of engineering, Stricter gun control laws resulting, large suicide rates in relation
48
differing waves of feminism
first wave legalities, second wave white women in society, third wave women of colour and third world women included, fourth wave alliance based and lgbtq focused (more specific issues: rape culture, sexual violence)
49
Mary Two Axe Earley
1968 made submission to Royal Commission on Status of Women protesting Indian Act to reinstate women who lost status as they marry white man: Can not vote, own property, Police evictions to instill fear within women, Genocidal act to shrink numbers
50
Soviet tensions
NATO and the Cold War, military unrest and nuclear weapons
51
Gouzenko Affair
exposes Soviet spy ring trying to steal nuclear secrets
52
peacekeeping role
Suez Crisis
53
medicare
universally provided public-health care services
54
immunization controversy
Cultural prejudice and anti-French sentiment, State's role in dictating mandates, Cost is preventative factor, poverty and sanitation conditions, isolation ability
55
pipelines
central to Alberta infrastructure, huge value of trade, does not consider working class who are not benefited, just big companies Environmental cost, Infrastructural use of division as it undermines national interest, Symbol of Canadian identity
56
pipeline projects
Canadian Mainline 1956, Mackenzie Valley pipeline 1970, Trans Mountain Expansion Project currently
57
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and Berge Inquiry
commission established due to the pipeline, first serious attempt to examine impact of development on local people and northern environment, Would cause cultural issues, employment was not satisfactory, deplete wildlife leading to food insecurity
58
rhetoric
persuasive speech
59
Delgamuukw Case
BC 1997, Provides information about definition/content of Aboriginal title, Clarified government duty to consult Indigenous peoples, Reaffirmed legal validity of oral history government still applying it has been difficult - Indigenous nations need to demonstrate prior use/occupation, sovereignty had to be exclusive territory of the specific nation (involves competition between different groups, often resolved with sharing territory)
60
Land back
Indigenous led movement for Indigenous sovereignty and acknowledgement of traditional territories, Current governance exclude Indigenous peoples from land decisions, fail to set limits for industrial development which degrades environment, Aims to reclaim stewardship over traditional lands/ecosystems to protect lands, implement sustainability, Challenges Canadian state and private property regimes
61
lifeworld
the sum total of physical surroundings and everyday experiences that make up an individual’s world
62
separatism
separation of a group based on specific cultural basis
63
Pristine Myth
undeveloped natural environment that undermines the systems built by Indigenous communities
64
Noble/Ignoble Savage Myth
hunter-gatherers, very calm or barbaric, uncivilized: either way in need of civilizing
65
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
when government aims to uncover past trauma to confront issues
66
nation-state
sovereign state whose citizens are relatively homogeneous, proclaimed on the commonality of people
67
Rene Levesque
separatist, nationalized hydro-power, Liberal and Parti Quebecois (Neo-nationalist)
68
British North America Act/Constitution Act
1867, government structure outline
69
Canadian healthcare Act
province in charge, 80's
70

CANS 200 (3 decks)

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