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Organic Chemistry > Definitions and formulae > Flashcards

Definitions and formulae Flashcards

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1
Q

Addition reaction

A

A reaction where a molecule joins to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule

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2
Q

Aliphatic

A

Organic compounds containing C chains and branches

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3
Q

Aromatic

A

Organic compounds containing one or more benzene ring(s)

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4
Q

Carbocation

A

A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom

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5
Q

What is a benzene ring

A

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each. As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.

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6
Q

Cyclic

A

Organic compounds containing C rings (not aromatic rings) also called alicyclic

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7
Q

Dehydration

A

Elimination of Water

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8
Q

Dehydrogenation

A

Elimination of hydrogen

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9
Q

Electrophile

A

Lone pair receptor

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10
Q

Elimination reaction

A

Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to an unsaturated molecule

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11
Q

Free radical

A

Species with an unpaired electron

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12
Q

Functional group

A

The atom or group atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule

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13
Q

Homologous series

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical property’s. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in the physical properties.

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14
Q

Hydration

A

Addition of water

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15
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only

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16
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Addition of hydrogen

17
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A reaction involving the breaking down of bonds due to reaction with water

18
Q

Nucleophile

A

Lone pair donor

19
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of compounds containing carbon

20
Q

Saturated

A

Molecule containing no double bonds

21
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms

22
Q

Geometric isomers

A

Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which have a different arrangement of groups around C=C

23
Q

Optical isomers

A

Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images

24
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

25
Q

Chain isomers

A

Type of structural isomerism: structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain

26
Q

Position isomers

A

Type of structural isomerism: structural isomers that have differ by having the functional group in a different position

27
Q

Functional group isomers

A

Type of structural isomerism: structural isomers that differ by having a different functional group

28
Q

Substitution reaction

A

Reaction where an atom/group replaces another atom/group

29
Q

Unsaturated

A

Molecule containing double bond(s)

30
Q

Molecular formula

A

Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule
E.g butane - C4H10
Or
Ethanol - C2H6O

31
Q

Empirical formula

A

Formula that gives the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
E.g. Butane - C2H4
Or
Ethanol - C2H6O

32
Q

General formula

A

This shows the number of atoms of each element in a substance which has n carbon atoms. All the molecules in a homologous series have the same general formula
E.g. Butane - CnH2n+2
Ethanol - CnH2n+1OH or CnH2n+2O

33
Q

Structural formula

A

This shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule
E.g. Butane - CH3CH2CH2CH3
Ethanol - CH3CH2OH

34
Q

Displayed formula

A

This shows all of the bonds and atoms in a molecule
E.g. H. H. H. H Butane
/. /. /. /
H - C - C - C - C - H
/. /. /. /
H. H. H. H

35
Q

Skeletal formula

A

This uses lines to represent bonds. Each point represents a C atom. H atoms and bonds to H atoms are not usually shown (unless part of a functional group e.g. Alcohol, aldehyde) other atoms (e.g. O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S) are shown

Organic Chemistry (3 decks)

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