Definitions anad Theorists Flashcards
Essentialism
Assuming shared characteristics of a group.
Capitalism
economic and political system in which countries trade and industry is controlled by private owners for profit.
Colonialism
policy or practice of gaining full or partial control over another country through genocide, slavery or resistance.
Subjugated Knowledge
Knowledge hidden by dominated knowledge
Social Darwinism
theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws on natural selection.
(believe in survival of the fittest)
Normalization
Certain versions of things become known as “standard” or “normal”.
Intersectionality
perspective that explores the interactions of social characteristics such as, race, class, gender, age and sexual orientation that shapes individual or groups experiences.
Sovereign Power
Dominant power, supreme authority. (king)
power to do everything necessary to govern
Governmental Power
political authority over the actions and affairs of people. (action of governing)
Individual Dominance
Discriminatory beliefs and actions of person against member of margin group.
Institutional Dominance
Discriminatory policies and practices with organized governments.
Social Stratification
society’s categorization of people into groups based on things like wealth, income, race, education gender, social status, etc.
OTHER
member of dominated out group, whose identity is considered lacking. (black, indigenous, homosexual)
The Centre
Taken for granted, normative features of social organization.
Eurocentrism
centered on Europeans, leaving out others, favouring eurpean knowledge, beliefs and history.
Hegemony
cultural, moral and ideological leadership of a group over allied and subaltern groups. (flag ceremonies, national holidays, military parades)
Counter-Hegemonic
attempts to critique or dismantle hegemonic power.
(eg.
Social Control
study of mechanisms(in forms of patterns of pressure) through which society maintains social order and cohesion.
Sociological Imagination
awareness of relation between personal experiences and wider society.
new pov
Functionalism
theory that all aspects of a society (roles, norms etc) serve a purpose for long term survival of society.
Discourses
systems of knowledge and social practices
produce particular version of reality
help understand the world
shapes thoughts and speech
Neocolonialism
New form of colonialism, emerged alongside continued historical forms.
Not through direct control but economic domination.
(nuclear weapons on poor countries)
Biopower
the administration and regulation of human life at the level of the population and individual body.
White Settlers Society
Group of societies that sprang up from the result of the European expansion into other regions from late 15th century, on.
Racial Hierarchy
System of stratification , belief that some racial groups are more superior to others.
Mythology
study or collection or stories or myths about people that explain their origin, history, religious practices, culture and tradition.
s
White Solipsism
perceptual practice that implicitly takes a white perspective as universal.
Bourgeois Decorum (bell hooks)
practices of dominant groups that disguise racism by framing discussion of racism as rude.
Euphemisms (mask facts of domination)
mild or vague words that are used instead of saying something that might be considered offensive.
Disciplinary Society(mental/prison places cause and affect of this)
characterized by strategies to regulate populations and individuals through observation, judgement and direction. (favours normalization, over punishment)
commodity fetishism
describes the relationships of production and exchange as social relationships among things (money and merchandise) and not as relationships among people.
status
a form of social esteem. Connected to class, but not
determined by class.
stratification
arranging into groups/levels of class/status markers.
Shows levels of inequality but tells little about social relationships
historical materalism
class relations through the lens of how we produce/reproduce ourselves in our daily lives
mode of production
economic organization of a society. The
ways in which people produce, distribute, and consume goods
feudalism
agricultural system where peasants worked for feudal lords
commodity
Used to reproduce ourselves. ‘Use value’
produced by labour for exchange & ‘exchange value’ aka
monetary value/cost
neo racism
belief that some cultures are superior,
cannot coexist
biological determinisms
the belief that the body and its functions are natural and produce behaviours over which individuals have little control.
hegemonic masculinity
refers to ideal bodily aesthetics, characteristics and behaviours associated with manhood that are produced by various social interactions and guarantees the dominant position of men.
