Definitions anad Theorists

Question 1

Essentialism

Answer 1

Assuming shared characteristics of a group.

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

economic and political system in which countries trade and industry is controlled by private owners for profit.

Question 3

Colonialism

Answer 3

policy or practice of gaining full or partial control over another country through genocide, slavery or resistance.

Question 4

Subjugated Knowledge

Answer 4

Knowledge hidden by dominated knowledge

Question 5

Social Darwinism

Answer 5

theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws on natural selection.
(believe in survival of the fittest)

Question 6

Normalization

Answer 6

Certain versions of things become known as “standard” or “normal”.

Question 7

Intersectionality

Answer 7

perspective that explores the interactions of social characteristics such as, race, class, gender, age and sexual orientation that shapes individual or groups experiences.

Question 8

Sovereign Power

Answer 8

Dominant power, supreme authority. (king)

power to do everything necessary to govern

Question 9

Governmental Power

Answer 9

political authority over the actions and affairs of people. (action of governing)

Question 10

Individual Dominance

Answer 10

Discriminatory beliefs and actions of person against member of margin group.

Question 11

Institutional Dominance

Answer 11

Discriminatory policies and practices with organized governments.

Question 12

Social Stratification

Answer 12

society’s categorization of people into groups based on things like wealth, income, race, education gender, social status, etc.

Question 13

OTHER

Answer 13

member of dominated out group, whose identity is considered lacking. (black, indigenous, homosexual)

Question 14

The Centre

Answer 14

Taken for granted, normative features of social organization.

Question 15

Eurocentrism

Answer 15

centered on Europeans, leaving out others, favouring eurpean knowledge, beliefs and history.

Question 16

Hegemony

Answer 16

cultural, moral and ideological leadership of a group over allied and subaltern groups. (flag ceremonies, national holidays, military parades)

Question 17

Counter-Hegemonic

Answer 17

attempts to critique or dismantle hegemonic power.

(eg.

Question 18

Social Control

Answer 18

study of mechanisms(in forms of patterns of pressure) through which society maintains social order and cohesion.

Question 19

Sociological Imagination

Answer 19

awareness of relation between personal experiences and wider society.
new pov

Question 20

Functionalism

Answer 20

theory that all aspects of a society (roles, norms etc) serve a purpose for long term survival of society.

Question 21

Discourses

Answer 21

systems of knowledge and social practices
produce particular version of reality
help understand the world
shapes thoughts and speech

Question 22

Neocolonialism

Answer 22

New form of colonialism, emerged alongside continued historical forms.
Not through direct control but economic domination.
(nuclear weapons on poor countries)

Question 23

Biopower

Answer 23

the administration and regulation of human life at the level of the population and individual body.

Question 24

White Settlers Society

Answer 24

Group of societies that sprang up from the result of the European expansion into other regions from late 15th century, on.

Question 25

Racial Hierarchy

Answer 25

System of stratification , belief that some racial groups are more superior to others.

Question 26

Mythology

Answer 26

study or collection or stories or myths about people that explain their origin, history, religious practices, culture and tradition.

Question 27

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Question 28

White Solipsism

Answer 28

perceptual practice that implicitly takes a white perspective as universal.

Question 29

Bourgeois Decorum (bell hooks)

Answer 29

practices of dominant groups that disguise racism by framing discussion of racism as rude.

Question 30

Euphemisms (mask facts of domination)

Answer 30

mild or vague words that are used instead of saying something that might be considered offensive.

Question 31

Disciplinary Society(mental/prison places cause and affect of this)

Answer 31

characterized by strategies to regulate populations and individuals through observation, judgement and direction. (favours normalization, over punishment)

Question 32

commodity fetishism

Answer 32

describes the relationships of production and exchange as social relationships among things (money and merchandise) and not as relationships among people.

Question 33

status

Answer 33

a form of social esteem. Connected to class, but not

determined by class.

Question 34

stratification

Answer 34

arranging into groups/levels of class/status markers.

Shows levels of inequality but tells little about social relationships

Question 35

historical materalism

Answer 35

class relations through the lens of how 
we produce/reproduce ourselves in our daily lives

Question 36

mode of production

Answer 36

economic organization of a society. The

ways in which people produce, distribute, and consume goods

Question 37

feudalism

Answer 37

agricultural system where peasants worked for feudal lords

Question 38

commodity

Answer 38

Used to reproduce ourselves. ‘Use value’
produced by labour for exchange & ‘exchange value’ aka
monetary value/cost

Question 39

neo racism

Answer 39

belief that some cultures are superior,

cannot coexist

Question 40

biological determinisms

Answer 40

the belief that the body and its functions are natural and produce behaviours over which individuals have little control.

Question 41

hegemonic masculinity

Answer 41

refers to ideal bodily aesthetics, characteristics and behaviours associated with manhood that are produced by various social interactions and guarantees the dominant position of men.