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Psychology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are executive processes?

A

Voluntary behaviour such as decision making, planning, problem-solving, and thinking

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2
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Executive processes, voluntary motor control, cognition, intelligence, attention, language processing and comprehension

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3
Q

What is “Participant Expectation?”

A

When the participant deliberately attempts to give the experimenter what they are looking for.

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4
Q

What is the “Screw You Effect”?

A

When the participant deliberately attempts to give the experimenter the opposite of what they are looking for.

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5
Q

What is “Researcher Expectation Bias”?

A

When the researcher is looking for a specific result amongst a mix of information, and they draw correlations that support their research but are otherwise flawed.

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6
Q

What is the Prefrontal cortex most strongly associated with?

A

Executive processes/actions

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7
Q

What is system one thinking?

A

Thought processes that are instantaneous and driven by prior learning.

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8
Q

What is system two thinking?

A

Slower thought process, driven by deliberation and logic, based on consequence.

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9
Q

What does MRI stand for and what does it do?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and it photographs the brain in a stationary state.

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10
Q

What does fMRI stand for and what does it do?

A

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and it films and measures brain activity and motion.

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11
Q

What is the amygdala responsible for?

A

Processing emotions and fear based learning.

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12
Q

The amygdala “links _______________________”

A

The amygdala links cognitive information with hypothalamic and brainstem systems that control metabolic responses.

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13
Q

This amygdala is part of the _____ system, a set of brain structures mostly responsible for _________

A

The amygdala is part of the limbic system, a set of brain structures mostly responsible for emotion, behaviour, long term memory and olfaction.

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14
Q

What are the three main brain structures in the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, Hippocampus and Hypothalamus

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15
Q

What does vmPFC stand for, and what is it responsible for?

A

ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex. It’s responsible for retrospective thought and to a degree learning.

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16
Q

What controls morality in the brain?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

17
Q

How does survival of the fittest relate to behaviour

A

Behaviour → Helps procreation → Genes Passed on → Biology that helps behaviour also passed on → Offspring show same behaviour

18
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Chemical messenger of the brain

19
Q

What are the 5 basic parts in most neurons?

A

Dendrites, Cell Body, Axons, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal

20
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive information from other neurons.

Can also grow new connections - learning

21
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Contains the nucleus - primary functioning area.

Receives information from dendrites and passes it on to axons

22
Q

What is the myelin sheath for?

A

Protecting the axons, and speeding up transmission of messages. Not always present.

23
Q

What do axons do?

A

Send information from the cell body

24
Q

What does the axon terminal do?

A

Conducts the messages from the axons to the synapse

25
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

The gap between an axon terminal and the dendrites is the synaptic cleft.

26
Q

What does ESPS stand for and what does it mean?

A

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential. It means that a neurotransmitter will increase the likelihood for a nerve impulse to occur

27
Q

What does ISPS stand for and what does it mean?

A

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential. It means that a neurotransmitter will decrease the likelihood for a nerve impulse to occur

28
Q

What are some hormones that also function as neurotransmitters?

A

Seratonin, Dopamine, Acetycholine

29
Q

What is a nerve impulse?

A

Any action a nerve is telling you to take

30
Q

What does dopamine (neurotransmitter) do?

A

Responsible for voluntary movement, attention and learning.

31
Q

What does a lack of dopamine (neurotransmitter) do?

A 
Parkinsons.
Stooped posture
Rigidity 
Tremors at rest
Poor balance
Loss of fine movement
32
Q

What does seratonin (neurotransmitter) do?

A

Involved in the regulation of mood, control of eating, sleep cycle and sexual arousal.

33
Q

Lack of seratonin can lead to depression? True or False

A

True.

34
Q

What is an SSRI? What does it do?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It keeps serotonin in the synaptic cleft longer so it has more time to exert an effect.

35
Q

What is an example of an SSRI?

A

Prozac. People used to take it like viagra.

Psychology (8 decks)

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