Definitions

Question 1

tariff

Answer 1

a tax on goods arriving from a foreign country, generally used as a tool of trade and foreign policy to penalize adversaries or favor allies or domestic producers.

Question 2

greenhouse gases

Answer 2

gases that absorb heat in the atmosphere and re-emit it back toward earth, causing a warming effect. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulphur hexafluoride. Water vapor and ozone are also greenhouse gases, but unlike the others listed, are not regulated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Question 3

NATO

Answer 3

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

a military alliance among twenty-eight countries on both sides of the Atlantic, from the United States and Canada to Turkey. Established in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and ten western European countries, NATO—sometimes known as the Atlantic Alliance—has grown over the years to include many former states of the Soviet Union. Article 5 of the treaty that created NATO establishes its core principle of “collective defense,” which commits member countries to defend each other if attacked.

Question 4

sanction

Answer 4

a tool of statecraft, frequently involving economic measures such as asset freezes and trade restrictions, used to exact a certain behavior or outcome from another party.

Question 5

comparative advantage

Answer 5

The idea that a country will be richer if it makes what it is best at and imports what it is not as efficient at producing