Definitions

Question 1

Definition of asthma… GO

Answer 1

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways… in susceptible individuals.
Inflammatory symptoms are usually associated with widespread but variable air flow obstruction.
People with asthma have an increase in airway response to a variety of stimuli.
Obstruction is usually reversible either spontaneously or with treatment

Question 2

Definition of Pneumonia…. GO

Answer 2

• Lung 🫁 inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infections, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs (double pneumonia) or only one ☝️ ( single pneumonia)
• Pneumonia is an inflammatory process caused by bacterial, viral, fungal protozoan, rickettsial or chemical cause

Rickettsial = Unusual bacteria 🦠 Such as bed 🛏 bugs 🐜

Question 3

Definition of Infection …. GO

Answer 3

• Microbial phenomenon characterised by an inflammatory response to the presence of micro-organisms. Or the invasion of a normally sterile host tissue by those organisms.

Example —> Bacteraemia —> Presence of bacteria in the blood

Question 4

Definition of Sepsis… GO

Answer 4

Is a life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated Host response to infection

Question 5

Definition of anaphylaxis… GO

Answer 5

The European academy of allergology and clinical immunology nomenclature committee:

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life threatening, generalised or systematic hypersensitivity reaction.

Question 6

Definition of Pain…GO

Answer 6

An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual to potential tissue damage. It can be describes by the patient/ client in terms of such damage

(British Pain society 2018)

Question 7

There is no universal definition for cardiovascular disease so….

what is the NICE 2014 definition of Cardiovascular disease (CVD)…. GO

Answer 7

• Describes disease of the heart and blood vessels caused by the process of atherosclerosis (build up of fat and cholesterol in the arteries)
• It is the leading cause of death in England 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 and wales 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 accounting for almost 1/3 of deaths.

Question 8

There is no universal definition for cardiovascular disease so….

What is the British Heart Foundation 2015 definition of cardiovascular 🫀 disease?

Answer 8

• Includes all the diseases of the heart and circulation including coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, congenital heart disease, heart faliure and stroke.

Question 9

WHO definition of Epilepsy…. GO

Answer 9

A disorder characterised by recurrent seizures resulting from outbursts of excessive electrical activity in either part of or the brain 🧠 or the whole brain.

• One seizure does not signify epilepsy

Question 10

WHO definition of obesity?

Answer 10

• A disorder of excess body fatness that is associated with and increased risk of disease
• The Who criteria for defining over weight + obesity is based on the body mass index (BMI) score
• This is calculated as weight in kg divided by height in metres squared.
  Overweight = greater the 25
  Pre- obese = 25.0-19.9
  Obese = greater the 30

Question 11

Detention of Diabetes …. GO

Answer 11

• This is a metabolic disorder in which the body’s capacity to utilise glucose, fat and protein is impaired due to an insulin deficiency or resistance
• Both can lead to chronic hyperglycaemia or glycosuria