Definitions

Question 1

atrial flutter classification: paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent, permanent

Answer 1

o	paroxysmal (lasting less than 7 days, terminating either spontaneously or with treatment)
o	persistent (sustained longer than 7 days or requiring treatment to terminate)
o	long-standing persistent (lasting continuously longer than 1 year)
o	permanent (long-standing where a decision has been made not to try to restore normal sinus rhythm)

Question 2

Massive transfusion protocol

Answer 2

> 10 units of PRBC within 24 hours

Question 3

MTP Pack

Answer 3

6U PRBC 4U FFP; 1 5pack platelet

Question 4

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 4

aorta ≥3.0 cm in diameter; repair is considered for an aneurysm ≥5.0 cm in diameter.

Question 5

acute cough; subacute cough; chronic cough

Answer 5

acute cough <3 weeks; Subacute cough 3-8 weeks; Chronic cough >8 weeks

Question 6

chronic vs acute sinusitis

Answer 6

Chronic sinusitis >3month; Acute bacterial sinusitis <30 days

Question 7

acute vs chronic lung abscess

Answer 7

Acute Lung abscesses present for <1 month; Chronic Lung abscess present for >1 month

Question 8

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis definition

Answer 8

resistance to at least INH and RIF

Question 9

Extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis definition

Answer 9

resistance to INH, RIF, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one injectable second-line medication exists

Question 10

hiccups classification

Answer 10

lf-limited for <48 hours; persistent >48 hours, intractable if >1 month

Question 11

Hypoxia vs Hypoxemia

Answer 11

• Hypoxia - insufficient alveolar oxygen content or insufficient delivery of oxygen to the tissues.
• Hypoxemia - abnormally low arterial oxygen tension (defined as a Pao2 <60 mm Hg or <8 kPa).

Question 12

asthma severitiy

Answer 12

Asthma PEF ≥70% mild; 40-69% moderate; <40% severe; <25%life threatening

Question 13

copd severity

Answer 13

COPD FEV1 ≥ 80% mild; 50-79% moderate; 30-49% severe; <30% very severe

Question 14

acute vs chronic diarrhea

Answer 14

Diarrhea is acute (<3 weeks) or chronic (>3 weeks).

Question 15

Six cardinal movements

Answer 15

1) engagement, (2) flexion, (3) descent, (4) internal rotation, (5) extension, and (6) external rotation

Question 16

neonates definition

Answer 16

infants ≤1 month old, or preterm infants within 30 days of their term due date

Question 17

Fever in the first month of life definition

Answer 17

rectal temperature ≥38°C (100.4°F)

Question 18

fever definition

Answer 18

single oral temperature >38.3°C (101°F) or multiple temperatures ≥38.0°C (100.4°F) separated by more than 1 hour.

Question 19

neutropenic fever definition

Answer 19

≥38.3°C once or 38°C >2x measured 1h apart

Question 20

colic definition

Answer 20

≥3 hours per day for ≥3 days per week over a 3-week period

Question 21

Orthostatic hypotension definition

Answer 21

drop of >20 mm Hg in blood pressure with an increase in heart rate of >20 beats/min when the child changes from a supine position to a standing position

Question 22

Hypoglycemia definition

Answer 22

blood glucose of <47 milligrams/dL (2.65 mmol/L); severe <36 milligrams/dL (2 mmol/L)

Question 23

Staccato cough, afebrile pneumonitis

Answer 23

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 24

Hacking dry cough, CNS involvement and arthralgia

Answer 24

mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 25

Chronic lymphadenopathy definition

Answer 25

>6 weeks without resolution

Question 26

Stridor in <6mon differentials

Answer 26

laryngotracheomalacia, vocal cord paralysis, subglottic stenosis, airway hemangioma, vascular ring/sling

Question 27

Stridor in <6mon differentials

Answer 27

croup, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, FOB aspiration, retropharyngeal abscess

Question 28

Refractory status epilepticus definition

Answer 28

persistent seizure activity despite the IV administration of adequate amounts of two antiepileptic agents and usually exceeds 60 minutes

Question 29

Chronic migraine

Answer 29

≥5 migraine headache days per month over the past 3 months

Question 30

Status Epilepticus

Answer 30

seizure activity ≥5 minutes, or two or more seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures

Question 31

due to barotrauma from rapidly increasing then decreasing atmospheric pressure, resulting in compression and shearing injuries in gas- filled structures such as the lung, ears, and bowels

Answer 31

Primary blast injury

Question 32

blunt or penetrating injuries due to materials thrown from the explosive casing

Answer 32

Secondary blast injuries

Question 33

injuries sustained as a result of being thrown from the blast site or due to structural collapse.

Answer 33

Tertiary injuries

Question 34

burns, inhalational injuries, and radiation that can occur as a result of the explosion and combustible materials

Answer 34

Quaternary injuries

Question 35

separation of the interosseous membrane connecting two syndesmotic joints

Answer 35

Diastasis

Question 36

simple contusion of the nerve, and normal function is usually expected to return in weeks to months.

Answer 36

Neurapraxia

Question 37

severe crush injury to the nerve that may also heal, but over time

Answer 37

Axonotmesis

Question 38

severed nerve and requires surgical repair and all functions will be absent

Answer 38

Neurotmesis