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Acids and bases > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

Define the common terms in Acid and Base chemistry

1
Q

What is a Bronsted acid?

A

proton donor

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2
Q

What is a Bronsted base

A

proton acceptor

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3
Q

expression of ph

A

Ph = -log[H3O+]

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4
Q

calculate Ph concentration

A

10^-pH

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5
Q

Define conjugate base?

A

It is the species left behind after a bronsted acid has transeferred a proton

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6
Q

Define a conjugate acid

A

It is the species formed after a base accepts a proton

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7
Q

What do you call a species that can both donate or accept protons?

A

Amphiprotic

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8
Q

What do you call a species that can donate more than one proton?

A

polyprotic

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9
Q

Define monoprotic acid

A

It is an acid which can donate ONLY one H+ (proton) to water eg. HCl

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10
Q

Define diprotic acid

A

It can donate up to two protons (H+) to water eg. H2SO4

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11
Q

define triprotic acid

A

It can donate up to three protons to water eg. H3PO4

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12
Q

What is Ka?

A

Acid disscociation constant / or acid ionization constant

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13
Q

What is the expression for Ka?

A

Ka = [A-] *[ H3O+]/ [HA]

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14
Q

What is the expression for pKa?

A

pKa = -log (Ka)

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15
Q

What factors are the strength of an acid dependent on?

A

charge of A
electronegativity of A
the strength of an HA bond
the extentof the delocalisation of of the negative charge on the anion A-

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16
Q

What is the autoprotolysis constant of water defined by?

A

Kw = [H3O+] [OH-]

water reacting by itself

17
Q

In pure water is [H3O+] = [OH-] ?

A

yes; Kw = square root of Kw

18
Q

What does the Henderson Hasslebach equation state?

A

pH = pKa + log 10 (A- aq/HA aq)

19
Q

What is a titration?

A

A method of volumetric analysis used for determining the concentration of an uknown solution by letting it react with another

20
Q

What is the equivalence point?

A

It is the volume at which the reaction is just completed. In an acid base titration, the pH changes most rapidly at the equivalence point

21
Q

In a titration C1V2 = C2V2 at equivalence point

A

…

22
Q

Where is the buffer region in a titration involving a weak acid and a strong base

A

around half way to the equivalence point; at this point ph= pka

23
Q

In a titration involving a weak acid a strong base, what is the pH at equivalence point dependent on?

A

the pka of the acid and the concentration

24
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A substance that has different colors in the acid and basic solution

25
Q

What is the indicator usually? is it a weak acid?

A

yes

26
Q

Where does an indicator change color most rapidly

A

When pH = Pkln

27
Q

What is Kln?

A

the acid dissociation constant of that indicator

28
Q

What is the best choice for an indicator?

A

an indicator whose color changes occurs at the pH of the equivalence point of the titration

29
Q

What is a buffer solution?

A

a solution whose pH changes much less than that of pure water as we add either acid or base

30
Q

What does a buffer solution typically contain?

A

approximately equal concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base, and its pH is the pKa of the acid

31
Q

How does a zwitterion result?

A

is the result of an internal proton transfer, such as +NH3CH2CO2-

32
Q

What is the isoelectric point?

A

the pH at which the majority of the species is the a zwitterion

33
Q

What is electrophoresis?

A

is the separation of mixtures of amino acids based on their different isoelectric points

34
Q

Acid rain? How does it arise?

A

arises when gases like SO2, SO3, NO2, etc… are dissolved in rainwater

35
Q

What does it mean by the levelling effect of the solvent?

A

H3O+ is the strongest acid, and OH- is the strongest base, that can exist when water is the solvent

36
Q

What is a superacid?

A

It is an acid stronger than pure sulfuric acid

37
Q

What is a superbase?

A

is a very strong base

38
Q

What happens to the conjugate base of an acid?

A

it loses an H+ and gains a one more negative charge?

39
Q

What happens to the conjugate acid of a base?

A

It gains a proton and gains one more positive charge

Acids and bases (5 decks)

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