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Inheritance Definitions > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

GENE

A

A small section of DNA (a sequence of nucleotide bases) that codes for a polypeptide chain

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2
Q

ALLELE

A

An alternative form of the same gene on the same locus on each of the chromosome in a homologous pair

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3
Q

LOCUS

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

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4
Q

GENOTYPE

A

The genetic constitution of an organism (all the alleles of each gene)

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5
Q

PHENOTYPE

A

The expression of the genes (genotype) and its interaction with the environment. The observable characteristics of an organism

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6
Q

HOMOZYGOUS

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene at the same locus

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7
Q

HETEROZYGOUS

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying 2 different alleles for a single gene at the same locus

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8
Q

RECESSIVE

A

An allele that is only expressed in the phenotype if the dominant allele is not present

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9
Q

DOMINANT

A

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype

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10
Q

CODOMINANT

A

Two alleles that are equally dominant and both are expressed in the phenotype

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11
Q

MULTIPLE ALLELES

A

More than 2 alleles present for a single gene in which only 2 are expressed at the same locus on different chromosomes

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12
Q

SEX-LINKAGE

A

A gene whose locus is on the X-chromosome / on a sex chromosome

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13
Q

AUTOSOMAL LINKAGE

A

2 genes that are found on the same autosome

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14
Q

AUTOSOME

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

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15
Q

AUTOSOMAL GENE

A

A gene whose locus is on an autosome

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16
Q

EPISTASIS

A

A gene who modifies/masks the expression of a different genes on a different locus in the same phenotype

17
Q

MONOHYBRID

A

The genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by a single gene. So only one gene is inherited at the same time on a different chromosome.

18
Q

DIHYBRID

A

The genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by 2 genes. So 2 genes are inherited at the same time on different chromosomes

19
Q

CARRIER

A

A person who carries the allele that is not expressed in the phenotype but can be passed on to their offspring

Inheritance Definitions (1 decks)

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