Definitions

Question 1

How are symbols represented in binary

Answer 1

Symbols are represented in the binary by having an ascii table which converts between the numbers to letters and symbols.

Question 2

What is the meaning of immutable

Answer 2

The state of the object is unable to be changed after it is created

Question 3

How does the fetch decode and execute phrase carry out instructions?

Answer 3

fetch - Fetching instructions in memory to store in instructional registers via buses from RAM or ROM. Fetching initiated by control unit.
decode phase - opcode is decoded according to instruction table
execute phrase - May involve moving data from RAM to registers or perform calculations between registers or move data from input/output devices to RAM and registers.

Question 4

What is polymorphism?

Answer 4

overriding of methods and attributes of the parent class

Question 5

What is polymorphism?

Answer 5

overriding of methods and attributes of the parent class

Question 6

Why is there a need for MicroPython in embedded systems

Answer 6

Embedded systems have limited resources such as memory and MicroPython is needed to make the code slim and efficient
-contains tools that are required for prototyping

Question 7

What is the advantage of coding in FSM

Answer 7

• modularity which can allow many people to split the workload
• easy to update any codes as any changes to one part will not affect the entire system

Question 8

What is an IP address

Answer 8

specific digital addresses that are assigned to a device when it is approved by a network

Question 9

Differences between IPv4 and IPv6

Answer 9

IPv4 is 8 bits which is decimal while IPv6 is 16 bits which is hexadecimal.

Question 10

Differences between IPv4 and IPv6

Answer 10

IPv4 is 32 bit, 4 sets of 8 bit which is decimal while IPv6 is 64 bits 4 sets of 16 bit which is hexadecimal.

Question 11

Rules of an IP address

Answer 11

class A: first octet from (1-126)
n.XXX.XXX.XXX first octet network id, 2-4 are host id 

class B: first octet from (128 to 191.255)
N.NNN.XXX.XXX 1-2 octet network id,3-4 are host id 

class C: first octet from (192 to 223)
N.NNN.NNN.XXX 1-2 octet network id,3-4 are host id

Question 12

Rules of an IP address

Answer 12

class A: first octet from (1-126)
n.XXX.XXX.XXX first octet network id, 2-4 are host id 

class B: first octet from (128 to 191.255)
N.NNN.XXX.XXX 1-2 octet network id,3-4 are host id 

class C: first octet from (192 to 223)
N.NNN.NNN.XXX 1-3 octet network id,4 are host id 

special addresses:
localhost, “127.0.0.1” loopback address
169.254.XXX.XXX - no valid address

Question 13

Differences between TCP and UDP

Answer 13

• TCP requires a connection between server and client while UDP does not
• TCP transmits information slower than UDP
• TCP rearranges the packets with order specified while UDP have packets independent of each other
• TCP ensures that there is absolute guarantee that the data sent will be intact while UDP does not have any guarantee and there may be data loss
• TCP header size is 20 bytes while UDP header size is 8 bytes

Question 14

When is TCP or UDP used?

Answer 14

TCP is used when high reliability is required and transmission time is less critical
- UDP is used when fast efficient transmission is requied

Question 15

What are data buses,

Answer 15

Data buses are Bi-directional that carries data between Processor, memory unit and I/O devices

Question 16

What does data buses, control buses and address buses do?

Answer 16

Data buses are Bi-directional that carries data between Processor, memory unit and I/O devices
Address
Uni-directional
Carries the address of data from CPU → memory or CPU → I/O devices
Control
Uni-directional
Carries control signals and commands from the CPU to control and coordinate all activities in the computer (CPU → other devices)
Also carries status signals from other devices (other devices → CPU)

Question 17

What does control bus do?

Answer 17

Uni-directional
Carries control signals and commands from the CPU to control and coordinate all activities in the computer (CPU → other devices)
Also carries status signals from other devices (other devices → CPU)

Question 18

What does address bus do?

Answer 18

Uni-directional

Carries the address of data from CPU → memory or CPU → I/O devices

Question 19

What are the types of registers?

Answer 19

Instruction registers(IR), Memory data register (MDR), Memory address register(MAR)

Question 20

What does IR do?

Answer 20

IR, instruction register stores the instructions during processing.

Question 21

What does MAR do?

Answer 21

Memory address registers holds the location of the data that is needed to be accessed.

Question 22

What does MAR do?

Answer 22

Memory address registers stores addresses

Question 23

What does CU do

Answer 23

Control unit
Handles all processor control signals
Fetch instructions
Controls how data moves