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GCSE Design and Technology (AQA) > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Absorbency

A

The ability of a material to draw in moisture

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2
Q

Accuracy

A

The degree of closeness of a measurement to its true value

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3
Q

Adhesive

A

A chemical used to stick or glue objects together

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4
Q

Aesthetics

A

How a product appeals to the five senses; its sense of beauty

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5
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of two or more metals

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6
Q

Annotation

A

Adding labels identifying and explaining key features on a drawing

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7
Q

Anthropometric Data

A

Measurements taken from millions of people of different shapes and sizes and placed in charts

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8
Q

Art Nouveau

A

A design movement known for its use of long, organic lines and architectural designs

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9
Q

Arts and Crafts

A

A design movement that favoured a return to traditional craft methods

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10
Q

Atmospheric Pollution

A

The release of pollutants into Earth’s atmosphere

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11
Q

Automation

A

The use of computer systems and control technology to operate equipment

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12
Q

Batch Production

A

Making a series of groups of identical products

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13
Q

Battery

A

Converts chemical energy to electrical energy to power products and systems

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14
Q

Bauhaus

A

A German design school that existed from 1919 to 1933 and favoured a minimalist approach to design

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15
Q

Biodegradable

A

The ability to decompose or rot due to interaction with the environment

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16
Q

Biomass

A

Fuel that is developed from organic materials, such as crops, scrap wood and animal waste

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17
Q

Blow Moulding

A

A process used to shape hollow polymer products

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18
Q

Bonding

A

A method of joining fabrics without stitching

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19
Q

Brazing

A

A joining process for metals where a joint is created by soldering at high temperature

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20
Q

Breadboarding

A

A temporary, physical method for prototyping electronic circuits

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21
Q

Cam

A

A mechanism that converts rotary motion to reciprocating mostion

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22
Q

Casting

A

Pouring molten metal into a mould to form a product

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23
Q

CNC

A

Computer numerical control; using a computer to control a machine tool

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24
Q

Composite

A

A material made up of two or more other materials that are not chemically combined

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25
Q

Computer-aided design (CAD)

A

The use of computer software to produce designs for products

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26
Q

Computer-aided manufacture (CAM)

A

The use of computer software to control machine tools to manufacture products

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27
Q

Continuous Improvement

A

A process where ongoing incremental improvements are made to a product ore system

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28
Q

Continuous Production

A

Making a material or chemical continuously using dedicated equipment

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29
Q

Co-operative

A

A business or organisation that is run jointly by and for the benefit of its members

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30
Q

Cracking

A

A process where complex organic chemicals are broken down into simpler molecules such as the monomers used to make polymers

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31
Q

Crowd Funding

A

A way for people to raise awareness and money for a project or idea, where people donate money in return for rewards

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32
Q

Datum Surface

A

A reference point for measurement on a material, product or object

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33
Q

Deforestation

A

The removal of forests and conversation of the land to other uses

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34
Q

Density

A

Mass of material per unit of volume

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35
Q

Design Brief

A

A short description of a design problem and how it is to be solved

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36
Q

Design Fixation

A

When designers become overly attached to a particular idea, therefore not taking account of other potential solutions

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37
Q

Design Specification

A

A list of measurable design criteria that a product or system must meet

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38
Q

De Stijl

A

A Dutch design movement that simplified designs by using only horizontal and vertical lines, and primary colours

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39
Q

Die Casting

A

A process where molten metal is shaped using pressure and reusable mould

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40
Q

Die Cutting

A

A process that uses metal blades and press to cut a shape in paper or card

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41
Q

Ductility

A

The ability of a material to be stretched without breaking and stay permanently in its new form

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42
Q

Economies of Scale

A

A saving in cost per product gained by making a higher number of products

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43
Q

Effort

A

The force applied to something (for example, to a lever)

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44
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a material to return to its original shape when a force on it is removed

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45
Q

Electrical Conductivity

A

The ability of electricity to be conducted by a material

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46
Q

Electronic System

A

A collection of input, process, driver and output stages that respond to, change and produce and different types of signals

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47
Q

Embossing

A

A technique that uses steel dies to press a shape onto the material, giving a tactile effect

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48
Q

End User

A

The person or people that will use a product when it is completed

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49
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of how people interact with products and systems around them

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50
Q

Evaluation

A

An assessment of how well a product or prototype looks, functions or does its job

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51
Q

Exploded Drawing

A

A picture that shows how the parts of a product fit together

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52
Q

Extrusion

A

Making a sectional shape by pushing material through a die

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53
Q

Fair Trade

A

A movement that works to help people in developing countries get a fair deal for products that they produce

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54
Q

‘Fast fashion’

A

A trend where catwalk clothing designs move quickly to the high street so people can capture the current fashions; often clothes will only be worn for a single ‘season’ before being replaced

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55
Q

Ferrous Metal

A

A metal that contains iron

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56
Q

Finite Resource

A

A resource of which there is only a limited quantity

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57
Q

Former

A

A profiled shape used to mould material

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58
Q

Fossil fuel

A

Fuel created from the remains of dead organisms over a long period of time; for example, coal, oil and gas

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59
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

Separation of a liquid mixture into the different chemicals of which it is comprised by a chemical distillation process

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60
Q

Fulcrum

A

The pivot point of a lever

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61
Q

Functionality

A

How well a product fulfils the purpose it is designed to meet

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62
Q

Fusibility

A

The ability of a material to be changed from a solid to a liquid by heat

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63
Q

Gathering

A

A sewing technique for shortening the length of a strip of fabric, to allow a longer piece to be attached to a shorter piece

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64
Q

Gear

A

A mechanism used to transfer rotary motion, which can also change the direction or magnitude of the force tramsitted

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65
Q

Grain

A

The growth rings visible on the surface of the wood

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66
Q

Graphene

A

A form of carbon consisting of sheets which are one atom thick

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67
Q

GSM

A

Grams per square metre; the weight of paper or card

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68
Q

Hardness

A

The resistance of a material to wear and abrasion

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69
Q

Hardwoo

A

Wood from deciduous trees that shed their leaves each autumn

70
Q

Hydro-electrical energy

A

Energy that is taken from flowing water, typically by releasing water from a dam to turn turbines

71
Q

Inclusive Design

A

The design of products and systems that can be used by everyone, without any special adaptations

72
Q

Injection Moulding

A

A process used to shape polymer products

73
Q

Input Device

A

A device that turns a real-world signal, such as light, sound or movement, into an electrical signal

74
Q

Interfacing

A

Adding multiple layers of material to a textile product to increase its strength

75
Q

Isometric Projection

A

A scaled 3D drawing with sides at an angle of 30 degrees to the baseline

76
Q

Iterative Design

A

A cyclic design approach where each iteration is tested, evaluated and refined, resulting in a new iteration

77
Q

Jig

A

A custom-made tool designed to achieve accuracy, repeatability and interchangeability during product manufacture

78
Q

Just-in-time Production

A

A production technique where suppliers deliver materials only when they are needed

79
Q

Knitted

A

Made from yarn using interlocking loops

80
Q

Laminating

A

Overlaying a flat object or sheet of material with a layer of protective material

81
Q

Lean manufacturing

A

An approach to improve efficiency of manufacture through elimination of waste

82
Q

Lever

A

A simple device that pivots about a fulcrum

83
Q

Linear

A

Moving in a straight line

84
Q

Line Bending

A

A process that involves bending thermoplastic along a heated line

85
Q

Linkage

A

An assembly of parts used to transfer motion between two mechanisms, which can also change the direction or magnitude of the force transmitted

86
Q

Malleability

A

The ability of a material for its shape to be permanently changed without the material breaking

87
Q

Manufacturing Specification

A

A set of information that is required to manufacture a product or system

88
Q

Market Pull

A

Products developed because of market forces

89
Q

Market Research

A

When information is collected to find out whether there is a place in the market for a proposed product

90
Q

Mass Production

A

Making the same product in large quantities

91
Q

Mathematical Model

A

A representation of a product or system using mathematical formulae

92
Q

Memphis

A

A design movement characterised by the use of asymmetric shapes and colourful decoration

93
Q

Metal Foam

A

A metal containing gas-filled pores, giving it a very low density

94
Q

Microcontroller

A

A small, programmable computer on a chip that is designed for use in control applications

95
Q

Model

A

A representation of a product or system that is being developed

96
Q

Moisture-wicking Fabric

A

Fabric that removes sweat from the skin and carries it to the outside of the fabric

97
Q

Moulding

A

Using a former to shape a material

98
Q

Nanomaterials

A

Materials made up of particles that are less than 100 nanometres in size

99
Q

Natural Fibres

A

Fibres from sources such as animals and plants

100
Q

Non-ferrous Metal

A

A metal that does not contain iron

101
Q

Non-renewable Energy Source

A

An energy source that cannot replenish itself quickly and therefore will eventually run out

102
Q

Nuclear Power

A

Power that is created by making use of highly controlled nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission

103
Q

Oceanic Pollution

A

The release of chemicals or industrial waste into the oceans

104
Q

Offset Lithography

A

A transfer printed process used to print products in large quantities

105
Q

One-off/Bespoke Production

A

Making a single product to a customer specification

106
Q

Orthographic Projection

A

A scale drawing that shows a series of views of a part

107
Q

Oscillating

A

Swinging in alternate directions

108
Q

Output Device

A

A device that turns an electronic signal into a real-world signal, such as light or sound

109
Q

Pattern

A

A type of template that is used to trace the parts of garment onto fabric before it is cut; also, a replica of a product to be cast, used to prepare a cavity into which the molten material will be poured

110
Q

PCB Lacquering

A

The application of a waterproof and protective layer for the tracks and pads of a printed circuit board (PCB)

111
Q

Perforation

A

A hole in a material

112
Q

Perspective

A

A 3D drawing technique that uses guidelines to show how dimensions change with distance

113
Q

Piping

A

A strip folded over fabric inserted in a seam in a textile product

114
Q

Pleating

A

Making a double or multiple fold in a textile product, held by stitching

115
Q

Ply

A

A layer of paper, wood or fabric in a material

116
Q

Polishing

A

A finishing technique used to protect and improve the aesthetics of plastics and metals

117
Q

Polymer

A

A material made from chains of a repeating chemical part called a monomer

118
Q

Precision

A

How repeatable or reproducible a measurement is

119
Q

Presentation Software

A

Software that allows visual aids to be created for face-to-face presentations

120
Q

Pressing

A

Applying pressure to deform a material

121
Q

Primary Data

A

Raw data taken first hand or from original research

122
Q

Process

A

Changes an electronic signal to create functions such as timing and counting

123
Q

Prototype

A

A full-sized, actual version or primary example of an intended product or system

124
Q

Pulley

A

A mechanism comprising two wheels linked by a belt; this transfers rotary motion and can also change the direction or magnitude of the force transmitted

125
Q

Quality Assurance

A

Putting systems in place that ensure the quality of the processes used to manufacture the product

126
Q

Quality Control

A

Testing and checking that a product meets the specification or a set of defined quality standards

127
Q

Quilting

A

Sandwiching wadding or stuffing between layers of fabric and stitching through the layers

128
Q

Reciprocating

A

Moving backwards and forwards

129
Q

Recycle

A

To reprocess or convert waste back into a useful material

130
Q

Reinforcement

A

Adding strength or stiffness to a product

131
Q

Renewable Energy Source

A

A source that can replenish itself quickly and therefore will not run out

132
Q

Rotating

A

Turning in a circle

133
Q

Scale

A

The ratio of the size of a drawn object to the size of the object

134
Q

Secondary Data

A

Data that is freely available and taken from other parties or sources

135
Q

Selvedge

A

An edge of a fabric that will not fray

136
Q

Sewing

A

A method of joining fabrics by stitching with thread

137
Q

Shearing

A

A wasting process used to cut material

138
Q

Softwood

A

Wood from trees that maintain their foliage all year round

139
Q

Solar Energy

A

Energy that is taken from the sun, typically by using solar panels to harness sunlight and convert it into electricity

140
Q

Soldering

A

A joining process for metals where a filler metal is melted to join parts together

141
Q

Spreadsheet Software

A

Software that presents and allows the analysis of data in tabular form

142
Q

Standard Component

A

A common part that is commercially available in specified sizes

143
Q

Stock Forms

A

The standard shapes and sizes in which a material is available

144
Q

Strength

A

The ability of a material to withstand a force that is applied to it

145
Q

Sustainable

A

Naturally replenished with a short period of time

146
Q

Synthetic

A

Made by people; not natural

147
Q

Synthetic Fibres

A

Fibres made by people, typically from oil or chemicals

148
Q

Systems Thinking

A

A top-down design approach that starts with an overview of the overall system in terms of its input, process and output sub-systems

149
Q

Technical Textile

A

A fabric made for its performance properties rather than aesthetic characteristics

150
Q

Technology Push

A

Products developed as a result of developments in materials and/or manufacturing technologies/techniques

151
Q

Template

A

Used to draw a shape onto material which can then be cut around

152
Q

Thermal Conductivity

A

The ability of heat to be conducted through a material

153
Q

Thermoforming Polymer

A

A polymer that can be reshaped when it is heated

154
Q

Thermosetting Polymer

A

A polymer that will not change its shape when reheated

155
Q

Toile

A

An early version of a piece of clothing, usually made from cheap materials

156
Q

Tolerance

A

The permissible limits of variation in the dimensions or physical properties of a manufactured product or part

157
Q

Toughness

A

The ability of a material to absorb an impact without rupturing

158
Q

Trend

A

A change in direction in the way people are acting or behaving

159
Q

Turning

A

Using a lathe to create a product with a round profile by wasting

160
Q

User-centred Design

A

A design approach where the needs and wants of the end user are considered extensively at each stage of the design process

161
Q

Vacuum Forming

A

A process where heated plastic is formed onto a mould using a vacuum

162
Q

Varnishing

A

A finishing technique for timber where varnish is applied to protect the wood underneath

163
Q

Veneer

A

A thin layer of wood

164
Q

Virtual Meeting Software

A

Software that allows face-to-face meetings to occur between people in different locations over a wired, wireless or mobile network

165
Q

Wasting

A

Removal of material

166
Q

Webbing

A

Ribs of material that provide reinforcement, normally inside a product

167
Q

Welding

A

A joining process for materials where the parts are melted along the joint line by heat

168
Q

Wind Energy

A

Energy that is taken from the wind, typically by using wind turbines to generate electricity

169
Q

Working Drawing

A

A scale drawing that shows the dimensions of a part

170
Q

Woven

A

Made from interlaced yarn

171
Q

Yarn

A

Spun and twisted fibres

GCSE Design and Technology (AQA) (1 decks)

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