Definitions

Question 1

Interactional Synchrony

Answer 1

When the child and caregiver express identical behaviours or actions at the same time. They might wave at each other in sync, this is indicative of a good relationship and trust being built between the mother and child.

Question 2

Reciprocation

Answer 2

Reciprocation occurs when the parent performs a certain behaviour which is then mimicked by the child. These don’t occur at the same time but in response to observation of the other person.

Question 3

Cycle of Privation

Answer 3

A cycle of privation is produced when the poor parenting techniques and trauma experienced by a child are reproduced by the victim perpetuating the same experiences onto their own children. An example might be a boy who was physically abused by his father and neglected of basic necessities which led him to hitting his son and depriving him of food and stimulation.

Question 4

Deprivation Dwarfism

Answer 4

This occurs as a result of institutionalisation whereby the child experiences neglect, trauma or abuse within their time in an institution which stunts their physical development and literally slows their normal growth rate.

Question 5

Damaged Internal Working Model

Answer 5

A child’s internal working model can be damaged due to their experiences of neglect, abuse and trauma from their parents or time within an oppressive institution. This can lead to reduced trust levels and ability to build strong relationships with other people and possibly leading them to become an insecure avoidant attachment type.