Definitions Flashcards
clinical psychology
branch of psychology that focuses on developing assessment strategies and intervention to deal with painful experiences
diagnostic reliability
extent to which professionals agree on the presence and nature of a diagnosable condition
eminence-based practice
basing clinical services on tradition and authority, in which recommendations are accepted because the person delivering them is seen as an expert
(antithesis to EBP)
internal validity
the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be justified and alternative interpretations can be reasonably ruled out
external validity
the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be generalized to real-world settings
attrition
loss of participants in a study over time
clinical significance
the intervention has made a meaningful impact on treated participants
effect size
the difference between means of the experimental group and the control group, divided by the SD of either the control group or the pooled sample of both groups
case studies
detailed presentation of an individual, couple, or family illustrating unusual problems or novel treatments
single case design
AB design; focus on individual (or couple or family)
correlational design
only an association of variables; no manipulation; no random assignments to conditions
quasi-experimental design
a comparison of 2 previously established groups
experimental design or randomized controlled trial (RCT)
all participants assessed prior to intervention > random assignment to control/treatment conditions > all participants assessed after intervention period
systematic review
use of systematic + explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise research studies
meta analyses
set of statistical analyses for quantitatively summarizing research
screening procedure
a procedure to identify individuals who may have clinically significant problems or who may be at risk for developing such problems
standardization
consistency across clinicians and testing occasions in the procedure used to administer and score a test
crystallized intelligence
intelligence referred to what we have learned in life, both from formal education and general life experiences
fluid intelligence
intelligence referred to the ability to solve novel problems without drawing on previous experiences or formal learning
transference
client’s core interpersonal conflicts are repeated in the relationship with the therapist; psychodynamic
counter-transference
therapist’s emotional reaction to the client; psychodynamic
catharsis
evoking emotion to facilitate change; psychodynamic
benchmarking
the use of data from empirical studies to provide a comparison against which the effectiveness of clinical services can be gauged
coercive exchanges
parent rewards child’s aversive behaviour; child rewards parent by ceasing behaviour
time out
child does not have access to reinforcers following misbehaviour
social reinforcers
smiles, touch, verbal encouragement, attention
positive reinforcement
any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated
health promotion
programs designed to increase activities that are beneficial to many aspects of physical health
scientist-practitioner model (boulder)
students must develop and demonstrate competencies in research and psychological service provision
clinical scientist model
strongly promote the development of research skills; basic + applied research
practitioner-scholar model (vail)
emphasizes training in clinical settings that will be needed in a service setting; generally award PsyD
clinical health psychology
apply psychological research and principles to promote and maintain health, prevent and treat illness, help adjust to health problems, improve the healthcare system
clinical neuropsychology
apply knowledge of brain-behaviour relationships in the assessment + remediation of neurological injury/illness
forensic psychology
application of psychology in the legal and criminal justice system
