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Grade 11 Physichs Exam > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define a scalar?

A

A physical quantity which has magnitude only.

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2
Q

Define a vector?

A

A physical quantity with both magnitude and direction.

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3
Q

Define a resultant vector?

A

A single vector that has the same effect as the original vectors acting together.

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4
Q

Define displacement?

A

The change in position of a body.

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5
Q

Define weight?

A

The gravitational force that the earth exerts on any object near its surface.

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6
Q

Define normal force?

A

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on any object in contact with it.

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7
Q

Define friction?

A

The force that opposes the motion of an object.

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8
Q

Define static friction?

A

The friction between two solid objects that are not moving relative to each other.

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9
Q

Define maximum static friction?

A

The maximum value of static friction just before an object begins to move.

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10
Q

Define the coefficient of static friction?

A

A measure of how difficult it is to slide one material over another.

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11
Q

Define kinetic friction?

A

Friction between two objects sliding across each other.

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12
Q

Define distance?

A

Length of path travelled.

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13
Q

Define speed?

A

The rate of change of distance.

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14
Q

Define velocity?

A

The rate of change of displacement.

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15
Q

Define instantaneous velocity?

A

The velocity of an object at a particular instant in time.

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16
Q

Define average velocity?

A

The velocity averaged over a longer time interval.

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17
Q

Define acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity.

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18
Q

Define free fall?

A

The only force acting on the object is gravity.

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19
Q

Define terminal velocity?

A

The magnitudes of the frictional force and gravitational force are equal.

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20
Q

Define potential energy?

A

The energy an object has due to its position or state.

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21
Q

Define gravitational potential energy?

A

The energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field relative to a reference point.

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22
Q

Define kinetic motion?

A

The energy an object has due to its motion.

23
Q

Define mechanical energy?

A

The sum of the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy of a system.

24
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but is merely changed from one form into another.

25
Q

What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy?

A

The total amount of mechanical energy, in a closed system is the absence of dissipative forces, remains constant.

26
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

An object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless it is acted upon by a net force.

27
Q

Define inertia?

A

The property of a body that resists any change in its state of rest or motion.

28
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

When a net force is applied to an object it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

29
Q

Define equilibrium?

A

The net force acting on an object is zero N.

30
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

When object A exerts a force on object B; object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A.

31
Q

What is Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

A

Every object in the universe attracts every other object in the universe with a force that is directly proportionally the
Reduction of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

32
Q

Define a gravitational field?

A

An area where an object with mass experiences a gravitational force.

33
Q

Define gravitational field strength?

A

The gravitational force exerted on an object, per kg of the objects mass.

34
Q

Define momentum?

A

The product of the mass and velocity of an object.

35
Q

Define a collision?

A

An isolated event in which 2 or more moving bodies exert forces on each other over a relatively short time.

36
Q

What is Newton’s second law in terms of momentum?

A

The net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum.

37
Q

Define a system?

A

A group of two or more objects that interact.

38
Q

What are internal forces?

A

The action-reaction forces exerted by the objects on each other during a collision.

39
Q

Define an isolated system?

A

The mass of the system is constant, and no external forces act on the system.

40
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

The total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant.

41
Q

Define an inelastic collision.

A

Kinetic energy is not conserved, only momentum is conserved.

42
Q

Define an elastic collision?

A

Kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.

43
Q

Define impulse?

A

The product of the net force acting on an object and the time for which it acts.

44
Q

Define potential difference?

A

Work done per unit positive charge.

45
Q

Define EMF?

A

The total amount of energy supplied per coulomb of charge by the cell.

46
Q

Define resistance?

A

A materials opposition to the flow of electric current.

47
Q

State Ohm’s law?

A

Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference over a conductor at a constant temperature.

48
Q

What is electrical power?

A

The electrical power dissipated in a device is to the product of the potential difference across the device and the current flowing through the device.

49
Q

What is a kilowatt hour?

A

A unit of energy, one kWh is the amount of energy used when one kilowatt of energy is used for an hour.

50
Q

Define internal resistance?

A

The resistance inside a real battery.

51
Q

State Coulomb’s law?

A

Two point charges in free space or air exert forces on each other. The force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

52
Q

What is an electrical field?

A

A region of space where an electrical charge experience a force. The direction of the electrical field at a point is the direction that a positive test charge would move when placed at that point.

53
Q

Define electrical field strength?

A

The force per unit positive charge.

Grade 11 Physichs Exam (1 decks)

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