definitions Flashcards
Necrosis
(premature) cell death
pathological, requires no energy
Coagulative necrosis
proteins coagulate, preservation of cell outline
Liquefactive (or colliquative) necrosis
necrotic material becomes softened and liquified (pus) no cell structure remains
eg. in brain
Caseous necrosis
Granulomatous inflammation with central necrosis
eg. TB
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
requires energy, pathological or physiological.
Extrinsic pathway (apoptosis)
death receptor initiated pathway, cell membrane receptors - death receptors TNF
Intrinsic pathway (apoptosis)
mitochondrial pathway. Growth signals removed, replaced by Bak causing release of proteins that stimulate caspases
Atrophy
reduction in cell size
physiological or pathological
Neoplasia
new growth
not in response to a stimulus
benign, premalignant or malignant
Dysplasia
disordered growth
abnormal cell changes, not in response to a stimulus
Metaplasia
more stress
reversible change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type
hypertrophy
cells get bigger
Hyperplasia
Grow more cells
response to external stimulus, reversed on withdrawal of stimulus
physiological or pathological
Resolution
complete restoration of tissue to normal after the removal of inflammatory components.
Suppuration
formation of pus - contains living, dying and dead cells, neutrophils, bacteria and inflammatory debris.
