Definitions Flashcards
1
Q
Liberal Feminism
A
- relies on deeply held American beliefs about equality (connected to political liberalism)
- believe that women are entitled to full legal and social equality with men
- favor changes in laws, customs, and values to achieve goal of equality
- fostered research in many areas including gender norms, how children are socialized to gender roles, and sex discrimination in employment
2
Q
Radical Feminism
A
- emphasizes male control and domination of women throughout history
- views control of women by men as the first and most fundamental form of oppression (women as a group are oppressed by men as a group)
- has fostered research on violence against women
- some radical feminists believe in/endorse separatism (women can only escape patriarchy by creating their own woman-only communities)
3
Q
Woman of Colour Feminism/ Womanism
A
- focuses on issues of importance to minority communities such as poverty, racism, jobs, healthcare, and access to education
- do not see men of colour as their oppressors
- particularly inclusive of men and regects the notion of notion of seperatism
- emphasize the effects of racial stereotyping and predjuidce as well as strengths and positive values of minority communities
4
Q
Cultural Feminism
A
- emphasizes differences between women and men
- stresses that qualities characteristic of women have been devalued and should be honoured and respected by society
- useful in understanding “unpaid” work contributed by women
5
Q
Global Feminism
A
- Focuses on hoe prejudice and discrimination against women are related across cultures and how they are connected to neocolonialism and global capitalism
- issues of concern are sweatshop labour, unequal access to healthcare and education, sex trafficking, and violence against women and girls in developing countries
6
Q
Simple/ General definition of a Feminist
A
- an individual who holds these basic beliefs
1. that women are valuable and that social change to benefit women is needed
2. it is a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression
3. the inclusion of men is needed in the solution
7
Q
Conservatism
A
- want to keep gender arrangements traditional
- men with more power and status and women being defined as their roles as mothers and wives
- return to the ‘good old days’ that have been justified on grounds of biology (genetic predisposition to gender roles and stereotypes), religion (supreme being ordained female submission and subordination - divorce, obedience, contraception, forbidden in positions of power)
8
Q
Gender
A
- characteristics and traits sociocultrally considered appropriate to males and females
- a classification system that influences access to power and resources and shapes the relations among women and men
- most societies are hierarchical - dominant group has more power (ability to control the outcomes of others by providing/withholding resources) and higher social status
- changes from one society to another
9
Q
Sex
A
- biological differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy and function
10
Q
Prejudice
A
- negative attitudes or feelings towards a person because of his//her membership in a particular social group
- sexism, racism, able-ism, class-ism all the isms
11
Q
Discrimination
A
- involves treating people unfairly because of their membership in a particular group
12
Q
Oppression
A
- a widespread and systematic pattern of prejudice and discrimination
13
Q
Self-Presentation
A
- a strategic choice
- may have positive/negative influences on others
- self-fulfilling prophecies
14
Q
Out Group
A
- heterogeneity: know everyone is different
15
Q
In Group
A
- homogeneity: all the same
16
Q
“Doing Gender”
A
- performance of gender is sometimes deliberate
- not what you have but what you do
- online dating profiles
- phone sex (men posing as women)
17
Q
Gender Typing
A
- coming to accept gender distinctions visible at social structural level and enacted at the interpersonal level as part of the self-concept
18
Q
contemporary sexism
A
- likely ambivalent
- involves both hostility and benevolence towards women
19
Q
Hostile sexism
A
- belief that women are inferior and they are threatening
20
Q
Benevolent Sexism
A
- belief that women are special beings to be cherished and protected
21
Q
Social dominance orientation (SDO)
A
- how much an individual supports the domination of supposedly inferior groups by superior groups
- conscious raising groups
- often seen during elections
22
Q
Intersexuality
A
- a collective term for a number of specific variations on the theme of biological sex
- intersexed
23
Q
Partial Androgen insensitivity (PAIS)
A
- external organ that could be either a large clitoris or a small penis
- internally have male testes but in abdomen or in the labia
24
Q
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
A
- genetically inherited
- dysfunction of one or more enzymes that make cortisol causing overproduction of other hormones, which act as androgens
- overproduction of androgens stopped with cortisone
- occurs in some whose mother was prescribed hormones to prevent miscarriage
- females develop female internal structures but external genitalia that looks male or ambiguous
25
Q
gender identity
A
- a fundamental belonging to one sex or another
26
Q
Hijras
A
- take female names and wear women’s clothing but are more sexually overt
- some have male genitalia, some are born male but choose castration, some have intersexed gonads
- in Northern India they form a sect that is considered to incorporate the divine powers of the goddesses
- sing and dance at weddings and birth celebrations
- traditionally are asked to bless newborn babies
27
Q
Aravonis
A
- Dress like women
- may use hormones or surgery to affect a sex change
- do not try to mimic true women but rather ‘gender=bending’ is a key part of their identity
- flout their femininity
28
Q
Katheoys/ladyboys/half-men
A
- Katholeys have male genitals but wear womens clothing
- behave dramatically and in brash ways
- are both admired and rejected
29
Q
Samoans
A
- have a thirs sex called fa’afafine (in the way of a woman)
- dressed as women and do women’s tasks
- highly valued dancers and entertainers
- raised as women from childhood
30
Q
Facism
A
- composition of men and women
- portrayed differently in media
- men just face
- tendency to show full women’s body or at least chest up
31
Q
Body Image
A
- refers to mental picture one has of their appearance and the associated feelings about size, shape, and attractiveness of their body
- result of social comparison
32
Q
Objectification Theory
A
- in sexually objectifying culture, girls and women learn to internalize an observers perspective as a primary view of their physical selves
- engage in self-objectification
- involves habitual and chronic preoccupations with self-surveillance that disrupts a woman’s connection to her subjective experiences ans divides her attention
