Definitions

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

Reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction (Sperm & Egg)

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

A fertilized egg (when the sperm and egg unite)

Question 3

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 3

Set of one paternal and one maternal that pair up together in a cell during meiosis

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A specific sequence of DNA which codes for a specific protein (trait)

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Variant form of the same gene, 2 alleles for each protein. Arise by mutations.

Question 6

Polypeptide

Answer 6

A string of amino acids

Question 7

Somatic Cell

Answer 7

Body cell

Question 8

Gonads

Answer 8

Sex organs (testes & ovaries)

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

Cell division in skin cells

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

Cell division in gametes

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 12

Independent Assortment

Answer 12

When two homologues of a pair are randomly distributed to the gametes. (8.4 million different distributions possible)

Question 13

Crossing-over

Answer 13

When parts of each homologous chromosome are exchanged to each other

Question 14

Random mating

Answer 14

Mating with anyone, no restrictions

Question 15

Random fertilization

Answer 15

Any one egg uniting with any sperm

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

Physical characteristic

Question 17

Genotype

Answer 17

Representation of gene on chromosomes

Question 18

Dominant allele (trait)

Answer 18

Seen often in an organism

Question 19

Recessive allele (trait)

Answer 19

Only seen in absence of dominant allele, dominant allele masks the recessive allele

Question 20

BB

Answer 20

Homozygous Dominant

Question 21

Bb

Answer 21

Heterozygous Dominant

Question 22

bb

Answer 22

Homozygous Recessive