Definitions Flashcards
ENCAPSULATION
> Process of combining data members and functions in a single unit called class.
Prevent the access to the data directly.
Access to member function is provided through the functions of the class.
Helps with data hiding.
char
Size = 1 byte (8 bits)
2^{8} = 256
One ASCII character
EX: ‘f’
unsigned int
Size = 4 bytes (32 bits)
2^{32}
Binary int
*Positive numbers only
float
Size = 4 bytes (32 bits)
2^{32}
Floating point number
EX: 3.141592
double
Size = 8 bytes (64 bits)
2^{64}
Floating point number
EX: 3.141592653589793
signed int
Size = 4 bytes (32 bits)
2^{32}
Binary int
*Half positive / half negative numbers
** Using two's compliment to negate numberCalculate a simple two’s compliment
- Flip bits
- Add 1
Ex: 5 (0101)
Flip: 1010
Add 1: 1011
%c
Single Character
Bytes = 1
Char / Signed Char = -128 - 127
Unsigned Char = 0 - 255
%d
decimal integer
%u
unsigned decimal integer
%o
octal
%x
unsigned hexidecimal number
%f
decimal floating point
%e
scientific notation
%s
string
%%
prints % symbol
%f
%.nf
%mf
%m.nf
%f = default: show 6 decimal places %.nf = Show nth decimal places %mf = prints with minimum width m %m.nf = n decimal places & minimum width m
Front End Development
Build code for user interaction
EX: GUI, Phone APPS
Back End Development
Code that works behind the scenes away from user interfacing. Low level progamming.
EX: Device drivers, complex algorithims
Middleware
SW that bridges the low level and user high level SW
EX: Send BT CAN data to the GUI or APP
Type Promotion
When the two operands have different types, the compiler attempts to add a type conversion to make the types the same.
Casting
Occasions when you or the compiler may have to temporarily treat the variable as though it were of another type.
Overflow
An operation results in a number that is too large to be represented by the result type of the operation.
Underflow
An operation results in a number that is too small to be represented by the result type of the operation.
Abstraction
Display only essential information and hiding the details.
Const
Value does not change for the life of the program
Prefix / Postfix opperators
++a / a++
–b / b–
Pointer referencing
Look up the ADDRESS of the variable location
Pointer de-referncing
Get the variable data IN the address of the variable location
Definition
The statement(s) of the task the function performs when called.
Declaration
Statement of how the function is to be called
Layout of a function
retVariableType functionName(parameter1, …
parameter2, …
,parameterN)
{
statement(s);
}
Function Declaration
returnVariableType functionName(parameter1, …
parameter2, …
parameterN);
Mutators
Functions that access and/or modify data values in classes
Methods
Functions in classes
Constructor
Special class functions which performs initialization of every object. The Compiler calls the Constructor whenever an object is created. Constructors initialize values to object members after storage is allocated to the object.
Destructor
Destroy the class object. Important tasks of a destructor is releasing memory that was allocated by the class constructor and member functions.
Pointer
Variable which holds the address of another variable of same data type.
> Used to access memory and manipulate the address
Pointer: &
Check this memory address
EX:
int var;
&var - gives the memory address for the variable.
Pointer Variable
Variable which holds an address of some other variable
Pointer Initilization
Assigning address of a variable to a pointer variable
Pointer Dereferecing
Access the value of the variable
Double Pointer
Pointer to store the address of another pointer
This
Pointer that returns its own address
Mutators
Functions that access and/or modify data values in classes.
