Definitions

Question 1

Define Stimulus

Answer 1

Any detectable change in environment

Question 2

Define Sensation

Answer 2

Any stimulus processed by CNS

Any stimulus that alters resting membrane protection of the 2nd order neuron

Question 3

Define Perception

Answer 3

The conscious interpretation of sensations and is primarily the function of the cerebral cortex

Question 4

Define Receptor Specificity

Answer 4

Unique type of stimulus to which a receptor is sensitive

Question 5

Define Receptive field

Answer 5

Area of body monitored by a sensory receptor

Question 6

Define Receptor Potential

Answer 6

A change in RMP of the receptor cell

Question 7

Define Generator Potential

Answer 7

Anything that fires an action potential in the 1st order neuron

Question 8

Define transduction

Answer 8

Conversion of a stimulus into a physiological response

Question 9

Define sensory receptor

Answer 9

Specialized cell that responds to a specific type of sense stimulation

Question 10

Define Labeled line

Answer 10

The pathway from the receptor cell to the brain.

• Each sense has neurons called receptors that are especially sensitive to a narrow range of stimuli. Their adequate stimulus.
• The brain had specialized areas for different functions; this idea is called localization I’d function. Each sense has a specialized area, when activated it produces the experience associated with sense.

Question 11

General Senses include:

Answer 11

• Tactile receptors (touch/vibration)
• Thermoreceptors (temperature)
• Nociceptors (pain)
• Proprioception (proprioceptors)
• Pressure (Baroreceptors)
• Chemoreception (Internal chemoreceptors)

Question 12

Special senses include:

Answer 12

• Olfaction (smell)
• Gustation (taste)
• Vision (sight)
• Audition (hearing)
• Equilibrium (balance)

Question 13

Define Tonic Receptors

Answer 13

Always “on” and releasing neurotransmitters. They can increase or decrease neurotransmitter release depending upon stimulus

Question 14

Define Phasic receptors

Answer 14

Have an “on phase” release neurotransmitter or an “off phase” (Don’t release neurotransmitter)

Question 15

Define Sensory Coding

Answer 15

Information about intensity, duration, variation and movement of a stimulus based on the pattern of the action potentials of the last neuron in that pathway being sent to the brain.

Question 16

Define Peripheral adaptation

Answer 16

Decrease sensitivity occurs at the receptor cell itself

Question 17

Define Central adaptation

Answer 17

Decrease in sensitivity occurs at the sensory nucleus along the pathway

Question 18

Nociception is the detection of:

Answer 18

Pain or Algeria

Question 19

Nociceptors are free-nerve endings and are abundant in:

Answer 19

Skin, periosteum of bone and walls of vessels

*few in the viscera and they have a very large receptive field, making it difficult to pinpoint the source of abdominal pains.

Question 20

There are nociceptors that respond to 3 different types of stimuli:

Answer 20

1) Physical distortion
2) Extreme temperatures
3) Extreme pH’s (Acid/Bass)

Question 21

Define Type “A” fibers

Answer 21

“Fast/Sharp” pain; at moment of injury; have myelination and large diameters

Question 22

Define Type C fibers

Answer 22

“Slow/Dull” pain; Ache after injury; non-myelinated and smaller diameters