Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Statistics year 1 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

population

A

item of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

census

A

everyone in the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

random sample

A

sampling in a non biased way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stratified sample

A

grouped into strata by demographic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

parameter

A

used to describe the whole population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

two types of non random sampling

A

Quota and opportunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

quota sampling

A

Decide how many members in each group and then use opportunity sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

Taking samples from members of the population you have access to until you have your full sample size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Quantitative data

A

associated with numerical observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Qualitative data

A

non numerical observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

continuous data

A

Any value (measuring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

discrete data

A

count (set numbers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mode

A

most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Median

A

Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mean

A

Add all together and divide by amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sum of data values

A

Mean X amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Interpercentile

A

x/100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Interdecile

A

x/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

linear interpolation

A

Finding the exact median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

standard deviation

A

square root of variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

variance

A

mean of the squares - square of the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

coding

A

A way of simplifying statistical solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bar chart

A

frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pie chart

A

proportion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

outlier

A

values that lie significantly outside the set of values of the variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

outliers removed

A

cleaning the data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

4 words to describe correlation

A

positive
negative
strong
weak

28
Q

bivariate

A

each item requires the values of two variables

29
Q

dependent

A

measure Y axis

30
Q

Independent

A

control x axis

31
Q

spurious correlation

A

correlation without a causal connection

32
Q

PMCC

A

measure of the strength of the correlation

33
Q

least squares regression line

A

Minimises the sum of the squares of the distances of each data point from the line

34
Q

Residual

A

diet between data point and line of best fit

35
Q

A ∩ B

A

“a intersects b” - middle only

36
Q

A ∪ B

A

“A union B” - both whole circles

37
Q

A’

A

“Compliment of A” - everything except A and middle

38
Q

(A∩B’)

A

A not including middle

39
Q

(A∪B)’

A

whole of outside

40
Q

(A’∩B)

A

just B without middle

41
Q

(A’∩B’)

A

whole of outside

42
Q

(A∪B’)

A

Everything except B and middle

43
Q

Mutually exclusive

A

two things that can’t happen at the same time

44
Q

Independent events

A

One event has no effect on the other

45
Q

tree diagrams show

A

the outcome of two successive events

46
Q

Can model x with a binomial distribution if (4)

A
  1. There are two possible outcomes
  2. There are a fixed number of trials
  3. Trials and independent of eachother
  4. Probability for success is constant
47
Q

Cumulative probability function

A

Tells you sum of all individual probabilities up to and including x

48
Q

greater than 5 - X > 5

A

1 - P(X ≤ 5)

49
Q

No more than 3 - X ≤ 3

A

P(X ≤ 3)

50
Q

at least 7 - X ≥ 7

A

1 - P(X ≤ 6)

51
Q

fewer than 10 - X < 10

A

P(X ≤ 9)

52
Q

at most 8 - X ≤ 8

A

P(X ≤ 8)

53
Q

Hypothesis

A

population parameter statement

54
Q

Test statistic

A

Result of the hypothesis testing

55
Q

Null hypothesis H0

A

The default position - no biased, nothing changes

56
Q

Alternative hypothesis H1

A

A change - assumption shown to be wrong

57
Q

One tailed

either P>X or p

A

States there will be a change in a specified direction - eg. biased towards heads

58
Q

Two tailed

P ≠ X

A

there has been a change but in no specific direction - eg biased

59
Q

significance level

A

Cut off point - after this, can rule out the null hypothesis

60
Q

null hypothesis can’t be ruled out

A

Insufficient evidence to reject the null

61
Q

critical region

A

A region which if the test statistic falls within it, would cause you to reject the null hypothesis

62
Q

critical value

A

First value to fall inside the critical region

63
Q

P value

A

Actual significance level

64
Q

Acceptance region

A

Set of values which cause you to accept the null hypothesis

65
Q

Probability distributon

A

A table/equation that links each outcome of a statistical experiment with its probability of occurrence

66
Q

Testing a hypothesis test (5)

A
  1. State random variable (X) in words
  2. State null and alternative hypothesis
  3. Find P
  4. Compare to significance level
  5. Concluding statement

Statistics year 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions