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LC Maths > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Polynomials

A

Have variables that have only non-negative whole number powers

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2
Q

Degree of a polynomial/expression

A

It’s highest power

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3
Q

Binomial expansion

A

Where and expression is multiplied by itself many times

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4
Q

Dividend

A

The numerator in division

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5
Q

Divisor

A

The denominator in division

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6
Q

Quotient

A

Result of division

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7
Q

zeros of equation

A

Roots

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8
Q

Inequality

A

A range of values

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9
Q

Modulus

A

The magnitude of the number without regard to it’s sign

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10
Q

Conjugate

A

The complete opposite of an operation ex: conjugate of (x-y) would be (x+y)

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11
Q

Natural logarithm function

A

lnx or log base e x

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12
Q

Function

A

Rule that maps an input to a unique output

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13
Q

Input

A

An object that is put into the function

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14
Q

Domain

A

The set of all inputs for which a function is defined

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15
Q

Output

A

The object that comes out from the function

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16
Q

Range

A

Set of actual output values of a function

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17
Q

Codomain

A

The set of all possible output values of a function

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18
Q

Injective function

A

One to one- never assigns same output to two different input values

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19
Q

Surjective function

A

Onto - function which every element in codomain has at least one matching element in the domain

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20
Q

Bijective function

A

Is both injective and surjective

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21
Q

Period

A

Horizontal distance required for graph to complete one cycle

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22
Q

Range

A

Set of all actual outputs of function

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23
Q

Amplitude

A

Number of units the graph goes up or down from mid line of graph

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24
Q

Frequency

A

Number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time

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25
Q

Asymptote

A

A line which the curve will approach but never meet

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26
Q

Principal values

A

The ranges of the inverse trigonometric equations

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27
Q

Angles of elevation

A

angle above horizontal

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28
Q

Angle of depression

A

angle below horizontal

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29
Q

Reference angle

A

the acute angle formed by the terminal side of an angle and the x-axis

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30
Q

cotA

A

1/tanA

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31
Q

Area

A

Amount of flat space a shape occupies

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32
Q

Perimeter

A

The sum of the length of all the sides of a shape

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33
Q

Trapezium

A

A quadrilateral that has one pair of parallel sides

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34
Q

Iota i

A

Complex number root of -1

35
Q

Argand diagram

A

representing complex number of plane- horizontal plane is real, vertical is complex

36
Q

Complex plane

A

representing complex number of plane- horizontal plane is real, vertical is complex

37
Q

Translation

A

Transformation of moving in a straight line, addition subtraction

38
Q

Discriminant

A

b squared - 4ac

39
Q

Conjugate root theorem

A

If complex number is a root of polynomial fz with real coefficients then the conjugate of that complex number is also a root

40
Q

Cartesian form of complex number

A

x + iy

41
Q

Polar form of complex number

A

r(cosA + isinA)

42
Q

Argument

A

Angle

43
Q

Radian

A

measure of angle at centre of a circle when the length of arc is equal to the radius

44
Q

Surd

A

Number in form nth root of a , n>1, n is element of N, which cannot be written as a fraction

45
Q

Rationalise denominator

A

Multiply bottom and top by the conjugate of denominator

46
Q

Tangent

A

A line that intersects a circle at one point only at 90 degrees

47
Q

Locus

A

Path traced out by a moving point satisfying certain given conditions

48
Q

Indeterminate

A

if fraction has zero as the denominator

49
Q

Piece wise function

A

function whose definition changes depending on the value of the independent variable x

50
Q

F prime of x

A

the derivative of f of x

51
Q

Differentiation

A

the process of finding the slope or gradient

52
Q

derivative

A

answer to a differential equation

53
Q

Natural logarithmic function

A

lnx

54
Q

Stationary point

A

point where the slope is zero

55
Q

Concave up

A

slopes of tangent lines increase as you move from left to right

56
Q

Concave down

A

slopes of tangent lines decrease as you move from left to right

57
Q

Point of inflection

A

Point where concavity changes from concave up to concave down is called a point of inflection

58
Q

Rate of change

A

the change of something in respect to time

59
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement with respect to time

60
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity with respect to time

61
Q

Permutation

A

arrangement of a number of objects in a definite order

62
Q

combination

A

a selection of a number of objects in any order

63
Q

Probability

A

measure of chance and likelihood of something happening

64
Q

sample space

A

the set or list of all oossible outcomes of a trial

65
Q

Relative frequency

A

is the number of times an event happens in a trial divided by the total number of trials. It is a good estimate of probability if the number of trials is sufficiently large

66
Q

Mutally exclusive events

A

they cannot occur at the same time

67
Q

Independent events

A

The occurrence of one event or the non-occurrence one event does not influence the probability of the second event happening

68
Q

Bernoulli trial

A

a trial whose outcome is random and is one of only two possibilities, success or failure

69
Q

Saddle point

A

is a horizontal point of inflection which has curve increasing on both sides or decreasing on both sides

70
Q

Integration

A

process of finding a function from its derivative is called anti-differentiation or integration

71
Q

Definite integral

A

finding the function defined on a closed interval gives the definite integral (no constant of integration)

72
Q

Pattern

A

Set of numbers , objects or diagrams that repeat in a particular manner

73
Q

Sequence

A

A sequence is a set of numbers in which each number after the first is formed by some definite rule

74
Q

Series

A

A series is a sum of numbers where each number after the first is formed by some definite rule

75
Q

Finite series

A

One that ends after a finite number of terms

76
Q

Infinite series

A

One that continues indefinitely

77
Q

Arithmetic sequence

A

A sequence in which each term after the first is found by adding a constant number

78
Q

Common difference

A

The difference between consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence

79
Q

Arithmetic series

A

The sum of terms of an arithmetic sequence

80
Q

Quadratic sequence

A

Sequence where the nth term is of the form an(squared) +bn+c

81
Q

Geometric sequence

A

Sequence in which each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a constant number

82
Q

Common ratio

A

The constant number which each term in a geometric sequence is multiplied by

83
Q

Geometric series

A

The sum of terms in a geometric sequence

84
Q

Limit of a sequence

A

A unique number L such that Tn, the nth term of the sequence gets closer and closer to L for larger values of n

LC Maths (3 decks)

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