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ICT Definitions > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary Storage [3]

A

Secondary Storage refers to any device that can store data long term. Secondary storage devices are non-volatile and retain the data when the device has no power.

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2
Q

Defragmentation [2]

A

A utility program that moves the parts of a file together in storage, so there is quicker access to files.

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3
Q

LAN [2]

A

A network in a small geographical area, connected by own hardware.

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4
Q

Spyware (Keylogger) [2]

A

A program that records actions/keystrokes, and sends to a third party for analysis

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5
Q

Accumulator [1]

A

(In the processor) Stores the result of the calculation/process

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6
Q

Stakeholder [1]

A

A person who may be involved either directly, or indirectly with an issue/problem.

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7
Q

Virtual network [2]

A

A subset of computers connected together as part of a larger physical network. All communication should be encrypted.

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8
Q

Algorithm [2]

A

A series of instructions to solve a problem

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9
Q

Procedure [1]

A

Named self-contained section of code that performs a specific task

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10
Q

Function [2]

A

Named self-contained section of code that performs a specific task, it must return a value

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11
Q

Parameter [1]

A

Parameters are the names of the information that are passed into a function or procedure.

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12
Q

Argument [1]

A

Arguments are the actual values that are passed into a function or procedure

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13
Q

Embedded System [1]

A

A processor stored in a device that is designed for a fixed purpose.

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14
Q

Firewall [3]

A

Prevents unauthorised access to a network, by examining traffic, and blocking any that don’t meet security criteria.

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15
Q

Casting [2]

A

Changing the type of variable from one type to another. Eg int(“34”)

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16
Q

Network Interface Card [3]

A

Required to connect with a wire connection or wirelessly to any network enabled device. It has a unique MAC address.

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17
Q

Memory Address Register [2]

A

Holds the address location of the instruction/data to be fetched/stored.

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18
Q

Programming Constructs [3]

A

Sequence, selection and iteration are required to write algorithms in code.

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19
Q

Utility Software [1]

A

Software that helps users configure, analyse, optimise and maintain a computer.

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20
Q

Von Neumann Architecture

A

Storing both data and programs in memory

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21
Q

Wide Area Network [2]

A

A collection of computers connected by a third party carrier usually spread over a large geographical area.

22
Q

Cache [3]

A

A small amount of high speed memory which is a part of the CPU. It is used to temporarily hold instructions and data that the CPU is likely to reuse.

23
Q

MAC Address [2]

A

Every NIC has a unique MAC address which is required to connect to a network.

24
Q

Cyphertext [1]

A

Text that has been encrypted.

25
Q

Rangecheck [1]

A

Validation that checks that a value is between two values

26
Q

Syntax Error [2]

A

Mistakes in the way that the code is written that prevent the code running.

27
Q

High Level Language [2]

A

Programming language that reflects the normal language used. It needs to be translated into machine language.

28
Q

Operating System [3]

A

Manages the computer’s resources. Eg provides a user interface, peripheral’s management, file management

29
Q

Open Source Software [2]

A

It is licensed but is free and everyone can copy, modify, and share the product.

30
Q

Proprietary Software [2]

A

It remains the property of the group who created it. The owner controls how it is licenced and they hold the copyright.

31
Q

Creative Commons [2]

A

The copyright owner defines exactly what other people can and can’t do with or to their work. Eg for only non-commercial use.

32
Q

Database Record [1]

A

A collection of information about one thing

33
Q

Peripheral [2]

A

Any computer hardware that is not part of the CPU, eg mouse keyboard

34
Q

Plaintext [1]

A

The original message before it is encrypted.

35
Q

Router [2]

A

A device for connecting computers to a network. It forwards packets to the next destination according to defined rules.

36
Q

Data Packet [2]

A

Messages are broken down into binary data packets before they are transferred. They contain other information such as destination IP address and packet number.

37
Q

Latency [2]

A

A period of time delay in a computer system, for example the time it takes to receive data over a network

38
Q

SMTP [2]

A

Used to send emails between servers

39
Q

POP [2]

A

An email protocol that allows a user to download their emails from the mail server to their computer, the messages are deleted from the server.

40
Q

IMAP [2]

A

An email protocol that allows a user to access their emails from the mail server but email messages remain on the server.

41
Q

Driver [2]

A

Pieces of software that allow the OS and hardware to communicate with each other.

42
Q

ROM [2]

A

It is non-volatile and is store the BIOS.

43
Q

ALU [2]

A

The ALU carries out the logical and arithmetic operations in the CPU.

44
Q

Nibble [1]

A

4 bits, half a byte

45
Q

Overflow Error [2]

A

Where the computer cannot represent the number in the memory space allocated

46
Q

Binary Shift [2]

A

If binary number is shifted to the left it is the same as multiplying it by two

47
Q

Domain Name System [2]

A

A DNS server is used translate from the domain name to the IP address, if it does not have the domain name in its database the request is forwarded to another DNS server.

48
Q

Lossy Compression [1]

A

Files are compressed by removing some of the detail permanently.

49
Q

Program Counter [1]

A

Holds the memory address of the NEXT instruction to be processed.

50
Q

Clock Speed [2]

A

The number of fetch decode execute cycles per second

51
Q

Memory Data Register [2]

A

Holds the data or instruction that has been fetched from memory

52
Q

AND Gate [2]

A

A ^ B, The output of A and B is 1 only if both A and B are 1

ICT Definitions (1 decks)

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