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CPH exam-HealthPolicyManagement > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Academic Medical Center

A

AMC/AHC (health center); preeminent institutions in US HCS; mission to provide undergrad/grad medical education and training, clinical research, state-of-the-art medical care, care for poor and medical indigent

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2
Q

Access

A

ability to obtain personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes; can be influenced by travel, distance, waiting time, resources, health status of population

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3
Q

accountability (corporate governance)

A

a set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions affecting the way a corporation is directed, administered, or controlled; includes the relationships among many stakeholders involved and the goals which govern the corporation

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4
Q

accounts receivable management

A

management of money that is owed to venture for goads and services that have been purchased for it or committed as a grand/donation; included on balance sheet under current assets

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5
Q

accreditation

A

evaluative process in which HC organization undergoes an examination of its policies, procedures, performance by external organization (on/off site surveys)

  • Joint Commission
  • CMS manual system
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6
Q

acute health care

A

short term medical treatment, hospital based, for acute illness

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7
Q

advance directive

A

written/spoken statement about person’s future medical care; living will vs power of attorney

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8
Q

adverse selection

A

tendency for only those who will benefit from insurance to buy it; unhealthy people more likely to buy because they anticipate large medical bills

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9
Q

agency principal theory

A

principal-agent problem treated the difficulties that arise under conditions of incomplete and asymmetric information when a principal hires an agent; found in most employer/employee relationships (stockholders hire top executives of corporations)

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10
Q

ambulatory care

A

outpatient care, no overnight stay in hospital

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11
Q

antitrust regulation

A

Sherman Antitrust Act 1890, first gov statute to limit cartels and monopolies; oldest federal antitrust laws

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12
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

combination in form of trust or otherwise in restraint of trade or commerce among several states-illegal; felony to attempt to monopolize

Clayton Act: 1914; extended right to sue under antitrust law

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13
Q

arbitration

A

legal technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts, wherein the parties to a dispute refer it to oe or more persons, by whose decision they agree to be bound; includes alternative dispute resolution/mediation

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14
Q

assisted living facility

A

multifamily housing with congregate and personal care services (personal care, residential care, congregate care, board and care

  • healthcare only if component of continuing care or life-care
  • does not have established standards
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15
Q

average length of stay (ALOS)

A

statistical calculation often used for health planning purposes; type of reimbursement system or health insurance plan now plays a significant role in patient LOS

  1. (total discharge days/total discharges)
  2. (total inpatient days of care/total admissions)
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16
Q

bad debt expense

A

portion of receivables that can no longer be collected; typically from accounts receivable or loans

-considered an expense

=direct write off method (non-GAAP): charged directly to the income statement
=allowance method (GAAP): estimate is made at the end of each fiscal year of the amt of bad debt

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17
Q

baldrige national quality award

A

created by public law, signed 1987; led to creation of new public-private partnership; named for Malcolm Baldrige

-leadership of US in product and process quality has been challenged strongly by foreign competition
-american industry began to understand that poor quality costs companies 20% in revenues
-strategic planning for quality and quality improvement programs
-improved management understanding of factory floor, worker involvement in quality and emphasis on statistical process
-concept of quality improvement is directly applicable to small companies
-quality improvement programs: management-led, customer-oriented
-sev major industrial nations coupled rigorous private-sector quality audits with national awards
=national quality award program would help improve quality and productivity

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18
Q

bargaining unit

A

group of employees with clear and identifiable community of interest who are represented by a single labor union in collective bargaining

“law enforcement professionals”
“blue-collar workers”
“non-management professors”

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19
Q

barriers to entry

A

obstacles in the path of a firm which wants to enter a given market

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20
Q

barriers to exit

A

obstacles in the path of a firm which wants to leave a given market or industrial sector

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21
Q

belmont report

A

1974-National Research Act, created National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research

-basic ethical principles that should underlie conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects

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22
Q

benchmarking

A

process used in management and particularly strategic management; evaluate aspects of processes in relation to best practice

-compare their process with that of a better process and try to improve the standard of the process the organization follows to improve quality of system, product, services

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23
Q

beneficence

A

ethical principle discussed in Belmont Report; obligation to protect persons from harm

  1. do no harm
  2. protect from harm by maximizing possible benefits, minimizing possible risks of harm
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24
Q

biomedical ethics

A

examination of ethics of all biomedical research, medicine, health care

a. beneficence
b. non-malfeasance
c. autonomy
d. justice
e. dignity
f. truthfulness
g. honesty-informed consent

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25
Q

bonds

A

a formal written promise to pay interest every six months and the principal amount at maturity

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26
Q

break-even analysis

A

break-even point; cost or expenses and revenue are equal

-calculated in order for businesses to determine if it would be profitable to sell a proposed product vs modified existing product

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27
Q

budget variance

A

analyzing the difference btw the financial value of something as estimated in budget and actual financial value

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28
Q

capital budgeting

A

planning process used to determine whether firm’s long-term investments are worth pursuing

(new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, research/development)

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29
Q

capital expenditures

A

expenditures creating future benefits; incurred when business spends money either to buy fixed assets or to add to value of existing asset with a useful life that extends beyond taxable year

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30
Q

capitation

A

method of payment to provider of medical services according to # of member sin health benefit plan (cost per person, ex sponsor pays uniform periodic fee for each member)

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31
Q

case mix index

A

average diagnosis-related group weight for all of hospitals medicare volume

-adjust the avg cost per patient for a given hospital relative to adjusted avg cost by dividing avg cost per patient

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32
Q

cash flow

A

term that refers to the amount of cash being received and spent by a business during a defined period of time

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33
Q

catastrophic coverage

A

type of insurance designed to cover catastrophes

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34
Q

certification

A

refers to confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person, or organization; provided by external review, education, assessment

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35
Q

charge master

A

comprehensive and hospital-specific listing of each item that could be billed to patient, payers, or health care provider

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36
Q

charitable care

A

services provided to patients who do not have the ability to pay for the care and hospital does not charge for services

(unpaid bills, unreimbursed care)

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37
Q

collective bargaining

A

process whereby workers organize collectively and bargain with employers regarding the workplace

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38
Q

community hospital

A

based on American Hospital Association definition

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39
Q

community rating (health insurance)

A

insurer using community rating to set insurance premiums ignores any diff in expected cost among insured groups or people

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40
Q

conflict management

A

refers to long-term management of intractable conflicts

-ongoing process that may never have resolution

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41
Q

co-optation

A

election where members of a committee vote in order to fill vacancy on committee or group

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42
Q

co-payment

A

copay, capped contribution defined by policy and paid by insured person each time a medical service is accessed

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43
Q

cost-benefit analysis

A

used to help appraise, assess the case for project/proposal (project appraisal); informal approach to make decisions

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44
Q

cost containment

A

occurs when an insurance company attempts to reduce the benefit payment or costs associated with health plan

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45
Q

cost sharing

A

insurance and medical costs not paid for by the insurance company

-can be shared btw an employee and their employer or btw insurance company and insured

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46
Q

cost shifting

A

allocation of unpaid costs of care delivered to one patient population through above-cost revenue collected from other patient populations

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47
Q

cost-to-charge ratio

A

rate setting methodology using a ratio of costs of service and procedures to charges of those services or procedures in the hospitals setting

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48
Q

covered lives

A

the number of individuals and dependents enrolled a health insurance plan

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49
Q

data warehousing

A

central warehouse or repository for data collected by a business or enterprise

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50
Q

debenture

A

certificate of acceptance of loans which is given under company’s stamp and carries an undertaking that debenture holder will get fixed return

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51
Q

deductible

A

portion of any claim that is not covered by the insurance provider

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52
Q

demand management

A

art or science of controlling economic demand to avoid a recession

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53
Q

designated funds

A

contributions which the donor has designated to a specific voluntary agency, federation, or general option

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54
Q

diagnostics-related group (DRG)

A

system to classify hospital cases into one of approx 500 groups, developed for medicare as part of prospective payment system

-determine how much medicare pays the hospital

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55
Q

disproportionate share hospital

A

special funding to hospitals who treat significant populations of indigent patients through the DSH programs

a. Medicare Disproportionate Share
b. Medicaid Disproportionate Share
c. 340B-pharmacy

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56
Q

diversity management

A

long-term strategy and process intended to create and maintain a positive work environment where similarities and diff of individuals are valued so that all can reach their potential and max their contributions to orgo strategic goals/objectives

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57
Q

DNR

A

type of advance directive that requests not to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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58
Q

efficiency (resource utilization)

A

production of max amount of health services output with a given amount of resources or production of a given amt of health services with min amount of resources

-no waste in use of resources to produce and delivery health services

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59
Q

EHR (electronic health record)

A

electronic version of patients medical history

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60
Q

employee assistance program (EAP)

A

employee benefit programs offered by many employers in conjunction with health insurance plan

-assessment, short-term counseling, referral services

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61
Q

employment-at-will

A

doctrine of American law-employment relationship in which employer or employee can break relationship with no liability provided there was no express contract for a definite term governing the employment relationship and employer doesn’t belong to collective bargain

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62
Q

endowment

A

resources or property donated to an institution, individual, or group as a source of income

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63
Q

equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)

A

dedicated to uphold Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; prohibits discrimination in employment on basis of race, color, national origin, sex

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64
Q

equity (health care ethics)

A

absence of systematic disparities in health btw groups of diff levels of underlying social advantage/disadvantage

-inequities in health systematically put groups of people who are socially disadvantaged at further disadvantage with respect to their health

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65
Q

equity theory of pay (adams)

A

attempt to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perception of fair/unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships

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66
Q

evidence-based practice

A

development, implementation, evaluation of effective programs and policies in PH through application of scientific reasoning

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67
Q

existence, relatedness, growth theory of motivation

A

ERG extension of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

-needs classified in three categories (existence, relatedness, growth)

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68
Q

expectancy theory (Vroom)

A

explains processes that individual undergoes to make choices; motivation theory

  • putting more effort will yield better job performance
  • better job performance will lead to organizational rewards
  • predicted organizational rewards are valued by employee in question
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69
Q

experience rating

A

statistical procedure used to calculate premium rate based on loss experience of an insured group

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70
Q

fee-for-service reimbursement

A

method of charging whereby a physician bills for each encounter or service rendered

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71
Q

filibuster

A

form of obstruction in legislature or other decision-making body

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72
Q

financial ratios

A

ratio of selected values on business financial statements

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73
Q

financial statements

A

objective of general purpose financial statements to provide info about financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of an entity that is used to wide range of users in making economic decisions

  • assets
  • liabilities
  • equity
  • income/expenses
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74
Q

5 P’s of strategy

A

plan, ploy, pattern, position, perspective

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75
Q

fixed assets (plant)

A

non-current asset; used in accountancy for assets and property which cannot easily be converted into cash

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76
Q

4 P’s of marketing

A

product
price
place
promotion

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77
Q

free rider

A

actors that consume more than their fair share of resource

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78
Q

gag rules

A

rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration or discussion of a particular topic by members of legislative or decision making body

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79
Q

gatekeeper

A

variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve quality of care

80
Q

globe rate (reimbursement)

A

a risk-adjusted rate given by insurance providers based on severe factors (age, sex, complications, comorbidities)

81
Q

green facilities

A

design and construction of efficient, cost-effective, durable, and environmentally sound buildings and landscapes

82
Q

grievance process

A

uniform process to address a grievance by an employee put in place by employer with escalating to litigation

83
Q

GNP

A

total dollar value of all final goods and services produced for consumption in society during time period (calendar year)

84
Q

health care rationing

A

denial or delay in treatment or procedure as a method to deter the increases in health care cost/utilization

85
Q

health care systems

A

public and/or private organization used to deliver health care

86
Q

health disparities

A

refer to gaps in quality of health and health care across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups

87
Q

health maintenance organizations (HMO)

A

health care system that assumes or shares both financial risks and delivery risks associated with providing comprehensive medical services to volunteer enrolled population in a particular geographic area; return for fixed, prepaid fee

88
Q

health plan employer data and information set (HEDIS)

A

consists of 71 measures across eight domains of care developed and maintained by the NCQA

89
Q

health policy triangle

A

cost, quality, accessibility of health care

90
Q

hierarchy of needs (maslow)

A

depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels

  • physiological needs: survival needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem
  • psychological needs: self-actualization
91
Q

horizontal integration

A

microeconomics and strategic management; describes a type of ownership and control

-seeks to sell a type of product in numerous markets

92
Q

hospice care

A

end-of-life care provided by health professionals and volunteers

93
Q

indemnity insurance

A

fee-for-service insurance with high degree of choice for insurance; individual or through group

94
Q

independent practice association (IPA)

A

association of independent physicians, organization that contracts with independent physicians, provides services to managed care organizations on negotiated per capita rate, flat retainer fe, fee-for-service basis

95
Q

informed consent

A

process and form; information must be presented to personal to voluntarily decide whether or not to participate as research subject

-ensure respect

96
Q

institutional review board

A

appropriately constituted group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects

-approve, require modifications, disapprove research

97
Q

integrated health delivery system

A

network of health care providers and organizations which provides or arranges to provide a coordinated continuum of services to a defined population

98
Q

interpersonal quality

A

measurement of quality of the interaction btw patient and provider on level of communication, courtesy, and respect for the patient by the provider

99
Q

joint venture

A

entity formed btw two or more parties to undertake economic activity together

-share in revenues, expenses control of enterprise

100
Q

leadership styles

A

task-oriented vs people-oriented

101
Q

learning organizations

A

people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire; learning to see the whole together

102
Q

leverage (debt financing)

A

use given resources in a way that potential positive or negative outcome is magnified

-using borrowed funds, debt to attempt to increase returns to equity

103
Q

linking pin theory of management

A

organization is represented as number of overlapping work units in which members of one unit are leaders of another

104
Q

living will

A

type of advance directive that usually covers specific directives as course of treatment to be taken by caregivers/providers

105
Q

long term debt

A

referencing assets owed

  • means of using future purchasing power in present
  • debt greater than one year
106
Q

managed care organization (MCO)

A

manage managed care plans which are health insurance plans that contract with HCP and medical facilities to provide care for members at reduced costs

  1. Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)
  2. Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO)
  3. Point of Service (POS): choose btw HMO/PPO each time you need care
107
Q

market concentration

A

function of number of firms and their respective shares of the total production in market

108
Q

market share

A

percentage or proportion of total available market or market segment that is serviced by a company

109
Q

medicaid

A

Title XIX of Social Security Act

-pays for medical assistance for certain individuals and families with low income and resources; largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for america’s poorest people

110
Q

medical saving account

A

special account owned by individual used to pay for current/future medical expenses usually used in conjunction with high deductible health plan

111
Q

medicare

A

entitlement health insurance program that covers people 65 or older, individuals with disabilities, and those in ESRD

112
Q

medicare part A

A

helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, hospice care, and some home health care

113
Q

medicare part B

A

helps cover doctors services and outpatient care including PT/OT, home health

-pay monthly premium

114
Q

medicare advantage (part C)

A

given option to receive medicare benefits through private health insurance plans

-charge addiitonal premiums

115
Q

medicare part D

A

added prescription drug coverage that is considered insurance

-private companies provide the coverage, monthly premium

116
Q

medigap insurance

A

health insurance sold by private insurance companies to fill gaps

117
Q

merger and acquistion

A

aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance, and management dealing with buying, selling and combining different companies to can aid, finance, and help a grow a company

118
Q

monopolistic markets

A

competitive market; large number of independent firms which have very small proportion of market share

119
Q

moral hazard

A

prospect that a party insulated from risk may behave differently from the way it would babur it if were fully exposed to risk

120
Q

net assets

A

value of entity’s asset less the value of its liabilities

121
Q

net income

A

equal to the income that firm has after subtracting costs and expenses from total revenue

122
Q

non-operating revenue

A

include all types of income that an organization receives that are not part of its main line of business

-interest income, dividends, commissions

123
Q

oligopolistic market

A

market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers

124
Q

open system

A

system that is capable of self-maintenance on the basis of throughput of resources from the environment; continuously interacts with its environment

125
Q

organic vs mechanistic models

A

organic: organization has very low degree of job specialization with broad knowledge of many diff jobs with very little top-level authority and high degree of self-control and coordination btw peers
mechanistic: extremely stable with high degree of specialization and imposition of rules with high level of authority

126
Q

organizational culture

A

attitudes, experiences, beliefs, values of organization that are shared by people and groups in an organization that control the way they interact with each other and stakeholders outside the organization

127
Q

organized interest group

A

organized collection of people who seek to influence decisions, political, or otherwise

128
Q

outcome measures

A

method of assessing the extent to which a program has achieved its intended result

129
Q

out-of-plan

A

service that is provided through a non-plan provider that is outside of health insurance plan’s network

130
Q

path-goal theory of leadership

A

states that leader’s function is clear to path toward goal of the group, meets the needs of subordinates

131
Q

patient advocate

A

person who speaks on behalf of patient in order to protect their rights and help them obtain needed information and services

132
Q

patient safety

A

relatively recent initiative in healthcare, emphasized on reporting, analysis, prevention of medical error and adverse health events

133
Q

patient satisfaction measure

A

quantitative measure used to gather data to assess patient satisfaction within an organization

134
Q

patient service revenues

A

revenue recorded on accrual basis at full established charges regardless of amt providers expected to collect

135
Q

patient’s bill of rights

A

1998; access to care to emergency services without prior authorization, out of network

136
Q

pay-for-performance

A

quality-based purchasing; use of payment methods and other incentives to encourage quality improvement and patient-focused high-value care

137
Q

perfect competition

A

economic model that describes a hypothetical market form in which no producer or consumer has the market power to influence prices

-completely efficient outcome

138
Q

per member per month

A

method to express utilization in dollar amount for managed care orgo

139
Q

physician hospital organization (PHO)

A

organization that includes hospitals and physicians contracting with one or more HMO, insurance plans, or directly with employers

140
Q

point-of-service plan (POS)

A

plan that allows beneficiaries to choose a provider that is or not within a healthcare plan

141
Q

political action committee

A

two distinct types of political committees registered with the FEC

a. separate segregated funds-established and admin by corporations, labor unions, membership orgo; only solicit contributions from individuals associated with connected or sponsoring organizations
b. non-connected committees-not sponsored; free to solicit contributions from general public

142
Q

portability

A

HIPAA; offers protections for millions of American workers that improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage

143
Q

practice guidelines

A

clinical practice guidelines systematically developed statements and recommendations to assist clinicians and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical conditions

144
Q

PPO

A

care plan that has network of providers that have agreed to contractually specified reimbursement for covered benefits; provided in-network/out-network

=more choices at greater cost

145
Q

premium revenues

A

payments received by health insurance companies and health plans form individuals and groups who purchase a specified package of health insurance coverage benefits

146
Q

price leadership

A

observation made of oligopic business behavior in which one company leads the way in determining prices

147
Q

primary prevention

A

avoids the development of disease

148
Q

prior approval

A

when health insurance providers and/or managed care organizations require advanced approval before reimbursement

149
Q

professional bureaucracy

A

structural configuration that is common in universities and variety of other orgo

-professionals tend to exercise majors autonomy and carry out major activities of organizations

150
Q

progressive discipline

A

system of discipline where penalties increase upon repeat occurrences

151
Q

prospective payment system

A

method of reimbursement in which medicare payment is made based on predetermined, fixed amt based on DRG

152
Q

protected health information, PHI

A

any info about health status, provision of health care, or payment for health care that can be linked to an individual

153
Q

quality of health care

A

assures that medically necessary and appropriate care is being rendered in efficient and effective manner

154
Q

quality adjusted life year (QALY)

A

unit of health care outcomes that adjusts gains/loses in years of life subsequent to health care intervention by quantity of life during those years

155
Q

quality assurance

A

policy, procedures, systematic actions established in an enterprise for the purpose of providing and maintaining a specified degree of confidence in data integrity and accuracy throughout life cycle of data

156
Q

quality improvement organization (QIO)

A

consist of national network responsible for each US state, territory, and district of columbia

  • work with consumers, physicians, hospitals to refine care delivery systems
  • safeguards integrity of trust fund by ensuring that payment is made only for medically necessary services
157
Q

quality of life

A

public health and medical concept of health-related quality of life

158
Q

reasonable accommodation

A

requires employee to provide reasonable accommodation to qualified individuals with disabilities who are employees or applicants for employment

159
Q

resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS)

A

scale of national uniform relative values for all physicians services

-relative value of each service bus tbe the sum relative value units representing physicians work, practice net of malpractice, and cost of professional liability

160
Q

resource utilization group (RUG)

A

measures staffing intensity and sued to categorize residents for medicare payment under skilled nursing facility prospective payment system

161
Q

respect for persons

A

fundamental principle in research with human subjects

  • individuals treated as autonomous agents
  • diminished autonomy entitled to protection
162
Q

restricted funds

A

donors to NGO may designate or restrict use of donation to particular purpose or project

163
Q

revenue cycle

A

time btw organizations delivery services and receipt of payments for those services

164
Q

risk adjustment

A

way that payments to health plans are changed to take into account a person’s health status

165
Q

risk sharing

A

limits the unanticipated losses or unexpected gains by spreading risk throughout population

166
Q

root cause analysis

A

method aimed at identifying the root causes of problems or events

-predicated on the belief the problems are best solved by attempting to correct or eliminate root causes

167
Q

safe harbor requirement

A

important way for us companies to avoid experiencing interruption in business dealing with EU due to differences in privacy laws

168
Q

safety net providers

A

providers that mandate or mission organize and deliver significant level of health care to uninsured, medicaid, and other vulnerable patients

  • legal mandate adopted mission; “open door”
  • substantial share of their patient mix is above
169
Q

secondary prevention

A

activities are aimed at early disease detection; increasing opportunities for interventions to prevent progression of disease and emergence of symptoms

170
Q

sentinel event

A

JCAHO; any unanticipated event in healthcare setting resulting in death or serious physical or psychological injury to a person or persons (loss of limb, gross motor function)

171
Q

six sigma

A

measure of quality that strives for near perfection begun by Motorola corporation

172
Q

small area variation

A

research analysis tool used by health services researchers to describe how rates of health care use and events very over well-defined geographic areas

173
Q

social health maintenance organization (SHMO)

A

special type of health plan that provides the full range of medicare benefits offered by standard medicare HMO

174
Q

standard of care

A

medical or psychological treatment guideline; specifies appropriate tx based on scientific evidence and collaboration btw medical and/or psychological professionals involved in treatment of given condition

175
Q

State Children’s Health Insurance Program

A

(CHIP) free or low-cost health insurance available in all states for uninsured children <19 yrs

-too much for medicaid not enough to get private coverage

176
Q

strategic business units

A

organizational unit within the overall organization hierarchy which is distinguishable from other business, services an outside market where management can conduct strategic planning in relation to products and markets

177
Q

strategic planning

A

organizations process of defining its strategy, leadership and direction along with framework for allocating its capital and human resources

178
Q

substitute products

A

products used as alternatives to the original (generic drugs)

179
Q

strengths, weaknesses, opportinues, threats (SWOT)

A

strategic planning tool used to evaluate the SWOT involved in project or business venture

180
Q

systems thinking

A

unique approach to problem solving

-further focusing on outcomes will only further develop the undesired element or problem

181
Q

technical quality

A

clinical performance measures look at how well a health plan or hospital prevents and treats illnesses

182
Q

tertiary prevention

A

reduces the negative impact of already established disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications

183
Q

Theory X/Theory Y

A

theroies of human motivation used in human resource management, organizational behavior, and organizational development

X: assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work (close supervision, comprehensive controls)

Y: employees are ambitious, self-motivated, anxious to accept greater responsibility (given chance employees have desire to be creative)

184
Q

360 degree performance appraisal

A

employee development feedback that comes from all around employee (subordinates, peers, managers)

185
Q

time value money

A

based on premise that investor prefers to receive payment of fixed amount of money today

present value PV: amount that will be received in future
present value of an annuity (PVA): present value of stream of future payments
present value fo perpetuity: value of regular stream of payments that last forever
future value: amount invested now at given rate of interest
future value over annuity: future value of a stream of payments

186
Q

total quality management (TQM)

A

management strategy aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes involving

a. total
b. quality
c. management: plan, organize, control, lead, staff, allocation

187
Q

transactional leadership

A

uses conventional reward and punishment to gain compliance from constituents

a. contingent reward
b. management by expception

188
Q

two factor theory

A

job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction acted independently of each other

189
Q

union steward

A

title of official position within organizational hierarchy of labor union, held voluntarily

190
Q

universal coverage

A

extended to all citizens and permanent residents of government region

191
Q

up-coding

A

false diagnosis codes were assigned to patient records in order to increase reimbursement to hospitals by CMS, TRICARE, federal employees health benefits program

192
Q

utilization review

A

reviews claims, services or procedures in HCO to ensure service was necessary and appropriate

193
Q

vertical integration

A

organizations that are united through hierarchy and share a common owner

194
Q

virtual organization

A

corporate, NGO, education, or productive organizational entity that uses telecommunication tools to enable, maintain, and sustain member relationships

195
Q

waiver (medicaid)

A

autorizes multiple wavier and demonstration authors to allow states flexibility in operating medicaid programs

196
Q

working capital management

A

decisions relating to working capital and short term financing that involve managing the relationship btw organizations short term assets and short term liabilities

CPH exam-HealthPolicyManagement (1 decks)

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