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Hospital > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection of 2 tubular structures

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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal fluid accumulation in abdomen

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4
Q

Bowel Obstruction

A

Blockage preventing normal flow

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5
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Liver disease with degenerating liver cells

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6
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities

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7
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticula (small pouches forming walls in colon)

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8
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Gastric indigestion, epigastric discomfort after meals

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9
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

Twisted veins in lower esophagus

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10
Q

Feeding Tubes

A

Semisolid foods and liquids fed through tube passing from nose to stomach

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11
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal communication between 2 internal organs

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12
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

A

Backflow of gastric content into esophagus cause by regurgitation of acid from stomach. Heartburn

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13
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Enlarged veins in or outside rectum

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14
Q

Hiatus Hernia

A

Protruding stomach through weakened area of diaphragm

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15
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

Chronic
1- regional enteritis (chron’s)
2- ulcerative colitis

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16
Q

Paracentesis

A

Removal of fluid from abdomen through incision

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17
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

Crator shaped area in mucosal wall

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18
Q

Polyps

A

Bulging tissue

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19
Q

Resection

A

Surgical removal of larger portion of organ or body part

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20
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition

A

Supplying nutritions to body by intravenous route

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21
Q

Vagotomy

A

Severing/cutting vagus nerve

Decreases gastric acid

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22
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed or airless lung

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23
Q

Chest Percussion and Vibration

A

Thickened secretion difficult to cough up

Loosed by tappin or vibrating the chest

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24
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD)

Respiratory disorders with chronic partial onbstruction of air passages

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25
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Excess of fluid in pleural cavity

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26
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute infection or inflammation in lung

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27
Q

Postural Drainage

A

Using specific position that allows gravity to assist in removing bronchial secretions

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28
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in lungs

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29
Q

Sputum

A

Mucous secretion from lungs, bronchi and trachea, ejected through the mouth

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30
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Recurrent chest pain, no permanent damage

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31
Q

Angiography

A

Injecting contrast media into vascular system to outline heart and blood vessels

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32
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

A

Localized sac involving an artery formed at weak point in aorta

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33
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Heart stops beating, resulting in no circulation

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34
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

Radiopaque catheters introduced into heart and blood vessels

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35
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

A

Surgical procedure, vein graft is used to shunt blood from aorta to branches of coronary arteries to increase flow

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36
Q

Cyanosis

A

Dark blue/purple coloration due to deficient oxygenation of blood

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37
Q

Digital Substraction Angiography

A

Visualization of arterial vessels using technology

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38
Q

Doppler Ultrasonic Flow Studies

A

Electronic stethoscope that reflects the sound of blood flow

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39
Q

Echocardiography

A

Ultrasound test, determines size, shape and motion of cardiac structures

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40
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

Detect electrical changes in heart muscle as heart beats

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41
Q

Embolus, Emboli

A

Mass of undissolved matter

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42
Q

Exercise Tolerance Test

A

Evaluates cardiac action during physical stress

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43
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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44
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply

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45
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

Irreversibly damaged myocardium (heart muscle) undergoes degeneration and replaced by scar tissue

46
Q

Mitral Valve Disorders

A

Mitral valve controls blood flow through the heart. Disorders affect flow to the valve

47
Q

Perctaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)

A

Balloon ripped catheter cracks plaque

48
Q

Radionuclide Imaging

A 
Radioisotopes injected intravenously and scans performed
Types:
MPI
ERNA
PET
49
Q

Valve Replacement

A

Replacement of cardiac valve with synthetic or tissue

50
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Repair cardiac valve

51
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Swollen and twisted veins from damaged valves

52
Q

Vein Stripping and Ligation

A

Surgical procedure to strip and ligate twisted veins

53
Q

Cancerous Lesions

A 
Skin cancers
1 basal cell carcinoma
2 kaposi sarcoma
3 malignant melanoma
4 squamous cell carcinoma
54
Q

Cyst

A

Thick walled, closed sac filled with fluid or semisolid material

55
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

AKA bedsores

Ulcer caused by pressure from lying down in one place

56
Q

Eczema

A

Inflammatory skin disease

57
Q

Gangrene

A

Death of tissue with loss of blood supply

58
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

59
Q

Psoriasis

A

Itchy red patches covered with gray scales

60
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Oil secreting glad in the dermis associated with hair follicles

61
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints and internal organs

62
Q

Ulcer

A

Open sore of skin or mucous membrane

63
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of amniotic sac to withdraw fluid

64
Q

Eclampsia

A

Most serious toxemia of pregnancy

Incl. high blood pressure, swelling, convulsions

65
Q

Endometriosis

A

Cells similar to that of the uterus, grow in the pelvic cavity outside the uterus

66
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A

Inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity

67
Q

Uterine Prolapse

A

Structures supporting the uterus weaken

Uterus works its way down the vaginal canal

68
Q

Pap Smear

A

To detect cervical cancer

Scrape cervical secretions off cervix

69
Q

Cone Biopsy

A

Surgeon excises small portion of cervix and sends to pathologist

70
Q

Dilatation and Curettage (D&C)

A

Cervical canal is widened and uterus lining is scraped

71
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

A

Sex hormones given to women after menopause or oophorectomy

72
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Fertilized egg becomes implanted on any tissue other than uterine lining

73
Q

Anemia

A

Low concentration of hemoglobin, red cell count and hematocrits

74
Q

Autologous Transfusion

A

Patients own blood is collected for future transfusion

75
Q

Bleeding Disorders

A

Deficiency in platelets or clotting factors

76
Q

Blood Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood when all cellular elements are removed

77
Q

Blood Transfusion

A

Whole blood - person lost a lot of blood

Packed red cell - person with severe anemia

78
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration

A

Put needle into marrow from septum or iliac

79
Q

ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immonosorbent Assay)

A

Test blood to look for antibody for AIDS

80
Q

Hemoglobin

A

In red blood cells, contains oxygen and carbon dioxide

81
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hereditary blood disorder, missing substances necessary for blood clots

82
Q

Hodgkin’s Disease (Lymphosarcoma)

A

Malignant tumor of lymph tissue in spleen and lymph nodes

83
Q

Leukemia

A 
Excess of white blood cells
Malignant leukocytes in marrow and bloodstream
1. Acute myelogenous
2. Chronic myelogenous
3. Acute lymphocytic
4. Chronic lymphocytic
84
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of tissues on extremities. From obstruction of lymphatic vessels

85
Q

Malignant Lymphomas

A

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

86
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. Increase in lymphocytes and monocytes

87
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Malignant tumor of bone marrow

88
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

A

Malignancies of lymphoid tissue

89
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in concentration of red cells

90
Q

Spleen

A

Blood storage, elimination and production

91
Q

Thymus Gland

A

Behind breastbone between lung. Produces T-cells

92
Q

Acetabulum

A

Socket in pelvic bone connecting thigh bone to pelvis

93
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Arthritis, stiffening of joints, primarily in spine

94
Q

Arthorscopy

A

Viewing or repair or joint problems

95
Q

Bone Graft

A

Placement of bone tissue to promote healing

96
Q

Bursa, Bursae

A

Fluid surrounding joint

97
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Median nerve in wrist is compressed

98
Q

Cartilage

A

Rubbery connective tissue on joint surface

99
Q

Crepitation

A

Crackling sensation heard and felt when two ends of broken bones move together

100
Q

Disk (Disc)

A

Fibrocartilage substance in vertebrae

101
Q

Fracture Reduction

A

Setting the bone (open or closed)

102
Q

Ganglion

A

Gelatinous magerial near tendon sheaths and joints

103
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

Bunion

104
Q

Ligament

A

Connective tissue binding bones together

105
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Decrease in bone density, due to loss of calcium salts

106
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Inflamed and painful joint

107
Q

Tendon

A

Connective tissue binding muscle to bone

108
Q

Tendon Transfer

A

Surgical movement of tendon insertion to improve function

109
Q

Total Joint Replacement

A

Replacement of both articular surfaces

110
Q

Traction

A

Pulling force to part of the body

Hospital (6 decks)

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