Definitions Flashcards
Anastomosis
Surgical connection of 2 tubular structures
Anorexia
Loss of appetite
Ascites
Abnormal fluid accumulation in abdomen
Bowel Obstruction
Blockage preventing normal flow
Cirrhosis
Liver disease with degenerating liver cells
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of diverticula (small pouches forming walls in colon)
Dyspepsia
Gastric indigestion, epigastric discomfort after meals
Esophageal Varices
Twisted veins in lower esophagus
Feeding Tubes
Semisolid foods and liquids fed through tube passing from nose to stomach
Fistula
Abnormal communication between 2 internal organs
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Backflow of gastric content into esophagus cause by regurgitation of acid from stomach. Heartburn
Hemorrhoids
Enlarged veins in or outside rectum
Hiatus Hernia
Protruding stomach through weakened area of diaphragm
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Chronic
1- regional enteritis (chron’s)
2- ulcerative colitis
Paracentesis
Removal of fluid from abdomen through incision
Peptic Ulcer
Crator shaped area in mucosal wall
Polyps
Bulging tissue
Resection
Surgical removal of larger portion of organ or body part
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Supplying nutritions to body by intravenous route
Vagotomy
Severing/cutting vagus nerve
Decreases gastric acid
Atelectasis
Collapsed or airless lung
Chest Percussion and Vibration
Thickened secretion difficult to cough up
Loosed by tappin or vibrating the chest
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD)
Respiratory disorders with chronic partial onbstruction of air passages
Pleural Effusion
Excess of fluid in pleural cavity
Pneumonia
Acute infection or inflammation in lung
Postural Drainage
Using specific position that allows gravity to assist in removing bronchial secretions
Pulmonary Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in lungs
Sputum
Mucous secretion from lungs, bronchi and trachea, ejected through the mouth
Angina Pectoris
Recurrent chest pain, no permanent damage
Angiography
Injecting contrast media into vascular system to outline heart and blood vessels
Aortic Aneurysm
Localized sac involving an artery formed at weak point in aorta
Cardiac Arrest
Heart stops beating, resulting in no circulation
Cardiac Catheterization
Radiopaque catheters introduced into heart and blood vessels
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
Surgical procedure, vein graft is used to shunt blood from aorta to branches of coronary arteries to increase flow
Cyanosis
Dark blue/purple coloration due to deficient oxygenation of blood
Digital Substraction Angiography
Visualization of arterial vessels using technology
Doppler Ultrasonic Flow Studies
Electronic stethoscope that reflects the sound of blood flow
Echocardiography
Ultrasound test, determines size, shape and motion of cardiac structures
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Detect electrical changes in heart muscle as heart beats
Embolus, Emboli
Mass of undissolved matter
Exercise Tolerance Test
Evaluates cardiac action during physical stress
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Ischemia
Inadequate blood supply
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Irreversibly damaged myocardium (heart muscle) undergoes degeneration and replaced by scar tissue
Mitral Valve Disorders
Mitral valve controls blood flow through the heart. Disorders affect flow to the valve
Perctaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
Balloon ripped catheter cracks plaque
Radionuclide Imaging
Radioisotopes injected intravenously and scans performed Types: MPI ERNA PET
Valve Replacement
Replacement of cardiac valve with synthetic or tissue
Valvuloplasty
Repair cardiac valve
Varicose Veins
Swollen and twisted veins from damaged valves
Vein Stripping and Ligation
Surgical procedure to strip and ligate twisted veins
Cancerous Lesions
Skin cancers 1 basal cell carcinoma 2 kaposi sarcoma 3 malignant melanoma 4 squamous cell carcinoma
Cyst
Thick walled, closed sac filled with fluid or semisolid material
Decubitus Ulcer
AKA bedsores
Ulcer caused by pressure from lying down in one place
Eczema
Inflammatory skin disease
Gangrene
Death of tissue with loss of blood supply
Pruritus
Itching
Psoriasis
Itchy red patches covered with gray scales
Sebaceous Gland
Oil secreting glad in the dermis associated with hair follicles
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Chronic inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints and internal organs
Ulcer
Open sore of skin or mucous membrane
Amniocentesis
Surgical puncture of amniotic sac to withdraw fluid
Eclampsia
Most serious toxemia of pregnancy
Incl. high blood pressure, swelling, convulsions
Endometriosis
Cells similar to that of the uterus, grow in the pelvic cavity outside the uterus
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity
Uterine Prolapse
Structures supporting the uterus weaken
Uterus works its way down the vaginal canal
Pap Smear
To detect cervical cancer
Scrape cervical secretions off cervix
Cone Biopsy
Surgeon excises small portion of cervix and sends to pathologist
Dilatation and Curettage (D&C)
Cervical canal is widened and uterus lining is scraped
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Sex hormones given to women after menopause or oophorectomy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Fertilized egg becomes implanted on any tissue other than uterine lining
Anemia
Low concentration of hemoglobin, red cell count and hematocrits
Autologous Transfusion
Patients own blood is collected for future transfusion
Bleeding Disorders
Deficiency in platelets or clotting factors
Blood Plasma
Liquid portion of blood when all cellular elements are removed
Blood Transfusion
Whole blood - person lost a lot of blood
Packed red cell - person with severe anemia
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Put needle into marrow from septum or iliac
ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immonosorbent Assay)
Test blood to look for antibody for AIDS
Hemoglobin
In red blood cells, contains oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hemophilia
Hereditary blood disorder, missing substances necessary for blood clots
Hodgkin’s Disease (Lymphosarcoma)
Malignant tumor of lymph tissue in spleen and lymph nodes
Leukemia
Excess of white blood cells Malignant leukocytes in marrow and bloodstream 1. Acute myelogenous 2. Chronic myelogenous 3. Acute lymphocytic 4. Chronic lymphocytic
Lymphedema
Swelling of tissues on extremities. From obstruction of lymphatic vessels
Malignant Lymphomas
Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
Mononucleosis
Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. Increase in lymphocytes and monocytes
Multiple Myeloma
Malignant tumor of bone marrow
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
Malignancies of lymphoid tissue
Polycythemia
Increase in concentration of red cells
Spleen
Blood storage, elimination and production
Thymus Gland
Behind breastbone between lung. Produces T-cells
Acetabulum
Socket in pelvic bone connecting thigh bone to pelvis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Arthritis, stiffening of joints, primarily in spine
Arthorscopy
Viewing or repair or joint problems
Bone Graft
Placement of bone tissue to promote healing
Bursa, Bursae
Fluid surrounding joint
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Median nerve in wrist is compressed
Cartilage
Rubbery connective tissue on joint surface
Crepitation
Crackling sensation heard and felt when two ends of broken bones move together
Disk (Disc)
Fibrocartilage substance in vertebrae
Fracture Reduction
Setting the bone (open or closed)
Ganglion
Gelatinous magerial near tendon sheaths and joints
Hallux Valgus
Bunion
Ligament
Connective tissue binding bones together
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bone density, due to loss of calcium salts
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflamed and painful joint
Tendon
Connective tissue binding muscle to bone
Tendon Transfer
Surgical movement of tendon insertion to improve function
Total Joint Replacement
Replacement of both articular surfaces
Traction
Pulling force to part of the body
