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Criminal Justice > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

regulate the relationships between people and/or other parties.

A

civil law

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2
Q

is the branch of law that deals with crimes and their punishments.

A

Criminal Law

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3
Q

is doing a wrongful act in a civil matter.

A

Tort

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4
Q

is putting someone in danger physically or mentally.

A

Harm

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5
Q

is failing to fulfill a contractual obligation that can result in a civil lawsuit.

A

Breach of Contract

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6
Q

is a criminal offense that is punishable by death or incarceration in a prison facility for at least one year.

A

Felony

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7
Q

is an offense that is punishable by incarceration, usually in a jail facility, for a period of time less than one year.

A

Misdemeanor

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8
Q

are minor violations of the law that are categorized even less than misdemeanors.

A

Offence

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9
Q

is a violation or infringement of a law, agreement, or set of rules, the consequences are generally being fined.

A

Infraction

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10
Q

is a set of rules for a municipal town. Many counties have their own laws that the people must follow and every county does not always have the same laws when they’re next to each other.

A

ordinance violation

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11
Q

are crimes that do not require concurrence between actus reus and the mens rea.

A

Strict liability crimes

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12
Q

are crimes that are immoral or wrong on their face.

A

Mala in se

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13
Q

are crimes that are only illegal because the government says they are.

A

Mala prohibita

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14
Q

varies from society to society and the people within the society deals with the perception of what constitutes right from wrong within that society.

A

Social justice

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15
Q

is an implied agreement between citizens and their government as a way of maintaining social order.

A

Social contract

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16
Q

for criminal justice is best described as fundamental fairness.

A

Justice

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17
Q

are facts that prove a crime has taken place, also known as the “body of the crime.”

A

Corpus Delicti

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18
Q

is known as the guilty mind of the people.

A

Mens rea

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19
Q

are known as the guilty acts people do.

A

Actus reus

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20
Q

is based on the proposition that crime must be controlled at all cost in order to have a safe society. In this model the rights of the many (society) outweigh the rights of the few.

A

Crime control model

21
Q

is designed to protect the rights of the individual who is accused of a crime and make sure that all legal resources and protections are available and utilized. In this model the rights of the accused outweigh the rights of the many (society).

A

Due process model

22
Q

represents those crimes that are not reported to the police.

A

Dark figure of crime

23
Q

is an act that violates or departs from social norms.

A

Deviance

24
Q

violate social norms.

A

Criminal acts

25
Q

is inducing a person to commit a crime that he or she would not have committed without such inducement.

A

Entrapment

26
Q

is a defense that establishes the accused could not have committed the crime because they can offer evidence that they were in another place at the tie the crime was committed.

A

Alibi

27
Q

is a legal excuse for committing an act that would constitute a crime when the law is vague or was not properly published.

A

Mistake of law

28
Q

is making a person do something they do not want to do by the use of force or the threat of force.

A

Duress

29
Q

is when a person would have a possible legal excuse if they ingest an intoxicating substance without their knowledge and as a consequence of the intoxication commits an act that would constitute a crime.

A

Involuntary intoxication

30
Q

London Metro Police was created by

A

Sir Robert Peel.

31
Q

is a nickname given after Sir Robert Peel, to the police officers of the London Metropolitan Police.

A

Bobbies

32
Q

is that force that could be reasonably expected to cause death or serious bodily harm.

A

Deadly force

33
Q

believes in free will but expands it to say that individuals make rational choices to commit crimes.

A

Rational choice theory

34
Q

is all about inequality in society. It suggests that who or what is labeled as deviant depends on who has the most power.

A

Conflict theory

35
Q

founded by Cesare Beccaria, is based on the notion that all decisions including those that involve criminal activity, are the result of free will.

A

Classical school of criminology

36
Q

is the studying of the skull to determine personality traits.

A

Phrenology

37
Q

is the father of criminology.

A

Cesare Beccaria

38
Q

is responsible for making the laws for the country.

A

Legislative Branch

39
Q

is responsible for interpreting the laws of the country.

A

Judicial Branch

40
Q

is responsible for carrying out the laws.

A

Executive Branch

41
Q

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise or abridging the freedom of speech.

A

Amendment 1

42
Q

The basis of this Amendment gives the right to bear arms to the citizens.

A

Amendment 2

43
Q

This Amendment established the rules concerning search and seizure and arrest.

A

Amendment 4

44
Q

Gives the right against self-incrimination, right against “double jeopardy”, and the right to due process of law.

A

Amendment 5

45
Q

This gives the right to all criminals to go through speedy trials, a jury, know the charges against you, a lawyer.

A

Amendment 6

46
Q

Gives the right to a reasonable bail, against excessive fines, and against cruel and unusual punishments.

A

Amendment 8

47
Q

This amendment gives protection to those who are born a citizen in United States. This is sometimes referred to as the “due process clause.”

A

Amendment 14

48
Q

is a way of showing the frequency of crime in the United States.

A

Crime Clock

49
Q

states that the most serious offence will be looked at first. Based on category the most serious offence will be most looked at.

A

Hierarchy rule

Criminal Justice (1 decks)

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