Definitions Flashcards
regulate the relationships between people and/or other parties.
civil law
is the branch of law that deals with crimes and their punishments.
Criminal Law
is doing a wrongful act in a civil matter.
Tort
is putting someone in danger physically or mentally.
Harm
is failing to fulfill a contractual obligation that can result in a civil lawsuit.
Breach of Contract
is a criminal offense that is punishable by death or incarceration in a prison facility for at least one year.
Felony
is an offense that is punishable by incarceration, usually in a jail facility, for a period of time less than one year.
Misdemeanor
are minor violations of the law that are categorized even less than misdemeanors.
Offence
is a violation or infringement of a law, agreement, or set of rules, the consequences are generally being fined.
Infraction
is a set of rules for a municipal town. Many counties have their own laws that the people must follow and every county does not always have the same laws when they’re next to each other.
ordinance violation
are crimes that do not require concurrence between actus reus and the mens rea.
Strict liability crimes
are crimes that are immoral or wrong on their face.
Mala in se
are crimes that are only illegal because the government says they are.
Mala prohibita
varies from society to society and the people within the society deals with the perception of what constitutes right from wrong within that society.
Social justice
is an implied agreement between citizens and their government as a way of maintaining social order.
Social contract
for criminal justice is best described as fundamental fairness.
Justice
are facts that prove a crime has taken place, also known as the “body of the crime.”
Corpus Delicti
is known as the guilty mind of the people.
Mens rea
are known as the guilty acts people do.
Actus reus
is based on the proposition that crime must be controlled at all cost in order to have a safe society. In this model the rights of the many (society) outweigh the rights of the few.
Crime control model
is designed to protect the rights of the individual who is accused of a crime and make sure that all legal resources and protections are available and utilized. In this model the rights of the accused outweigh the rights of the many (society).
Due process model
represents those crimes that are not reported to the police.
Dark figure of crime
is an act that violates or departs from social norms.
Deviance
violate social norms.
Criminal acts
is inducing a person to commit a crime that he or she would not have committed without such inducement.
Entrapment
is a defense that establishes the accused could not have committed the crime because they can offer evidence that they were in another place at the tie the crime was committed.
Alibi
is a legal excuse for committing an act that would constitute a crime when the law is vague or was not properly published.
Mistake of law
is making a person do something they do not want to do by the use of force or the threat of force.
Duress
is when a person would have a possible legal excuse if they ingest an intoxicating substance without their knowledge and as a consequence of the intoxication commits an act that would constitute a crime.
Involuntary intoxication
London Metro Police was created by
Sir Robert Peel.
is a nickname given after Sir Robert Peel, to the police officers of the London Metropolitan Police.
Bobbies
is that force that could be reasonably expected to cause death or serious bodily harm.
Deadly force
believes in free will but expands it to say that individuals make rational choices to commit crimes.
Rational choice theory
is all about inequality in society. It suggests that who or what is labeled as deviant depends on who has the most power.
Conflict theory
founded by Cesare Beccaria, is based on the notion that all decisions including those that involve criminal activity, are the result of free will.
Classical school of criminology
is the studying of the skull to determine personality traits.
Phrenology
is the father of criminology.
Cesare Beccaria
is responsible for making the laws for the country.
Legislative Branch
is responsible for interpreting the laws of the country.
Judicial Branch
is responsible for carrying out the laws.
Executive Branch
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise or abridging the freedom of speech.
Amendment 1
The basis of this Amendment gives the right to bear arms to the citizens.
Amendment 2
This Amendment established the rules concerning search and seizure and arrest.
Amendment 4
Gives the right against self-incrimination, right against “double jeopardy”, and the right to due process of law.
Amendment 5
This gives the right to all criminals to go through speedy trials, a jury, know the charges against you, a lawyer.
Amendment 6
Gives the right to a reasonable bail, against excessive fines, and against cruel and unusual punishments.
Amendment 8
This amendment gives protection to those who are born a citizen in United States. This is sometimes referred to as the “due process clause.”
Amendment 14
is a way of showing the frequency of crime in the United States.
Crime Clock
states that the most serious offence will be looked at first. Based on category the most serious offence will be most looked at.
Hierarchy rule
