Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forensic Psychology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

Learn definitions

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Forensic psychology

A

Latin - translates to psychology of the courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aims of criminal law

A
  • Punitive response to social dangers (retribution)
  • Guarantee protection of citizens
  • Deterrence
  • Changing values - public health (eg smoking, gambling)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mean World Syndrome

A

Those who are exposed to violent scenes (eg TV) are not more likely to commit crime, but are more likely to fear crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Available heuristic theory

A

How readily we access images/information pertaining to crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cognitive theory

A

Fear of crime = subjective belief of victimisation x perceived negative impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Societal/macro level theories

A

Crime is a consequence of social structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Community/locality theories

A

Crime is not randomly distributed - usually closer to offenders home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Socialisation theories

A

Family and friends influence criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Individual approaches

A

Some personality types are more likely to participate in crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neuropsychology of crime

A

People commit crime due to physiological, anatomical or genetic defects (head injuries, peri/pre-natal conditions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intelligence theory

A

Lower intelligence leads to offending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Addiction to crime

A

Offenders are likely to have an addictive personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social learning theory

A

People learn from the actions of another person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strain theories

A

People with blocked opportunities (perceived unjust strain) are likely to commit crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rational choice theory

A

Offenders make a rational decision to commit crime by weighing up costs and benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Attachment theory

A

Relationships formed in early childhood have an impact on later life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strange Situation

A

Test of relationship type - related to attachment theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Insecure relationship

A

Children are ambivalent, avoidant or disorganised - no attachment to parents. Could lead to more violent behaviour later in life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secure relationship

A

Healthy relationship between carer and child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Biosocial theory

A

Genetics, physical appearance, personality type and environmental influences contribute to criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Juvenile

A

<18 years old

22
Q

Age of responsibility

A

Age at which a person can be held criminally responsible for their actions - 10 years

23
Q

Life-course persistent offenders

A

Large range of offences committed over entire life

24
Q

Adolescent limited offenders

A

Rebellious, non-violent offenders who tend to grow out of their criminality

25
Q

Power-assurance rapist

A

Rapist with insecurities about their masculinity - often serial offenders

26
Q

Power-assertive rapist

A

Expresses power over women - more likely to commit date/acquaintance rape

27
Q

Anger-retaliatory rapist

A

High level of anger towards women - incels - often commit blitz style attacks with degrading activities

28
Q

Anger-excitement rapist

A

Gains pleasure from watching victims suffer, victims are usually strangers - premeditated offences

29
Q

Socio-cultural theory of rape

A

Gender inequality, social disorganisation (eg divorce, single parenthood)

30
Q

Feminist theory of rape

A

Men are in control of society, therefore they believe they can be in control of women

31
Q

Social learning theory of rape

A

Men learn pro-rape beliefs from their social network

32
Q

Evolutionary theory of rape

A

Rapist wishes to pass on their genetic material and impregnate the victim - rape is partly sexual, not only violent

33
Q

Fitness to plead

A

Whether an individual has the intellectual resources to contribute effectively to their own defence. Evaluations need to take into account the complexity of the trial in question as they may be competent in one area but not another.

34
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleepwalking

35
Q

Expressive violence

A

Acts that vent rage, anger or frustration

36
Q

Instrumental violence

A

Designed to improve financial or social position of offender - killing for a fee

37
Q

Mass murder

A

One single event, killing number of victims

38
Q

Spree killing

A

Killing spread over a few days or weeks across locations - eg Martin Bryant

39
Q

Serial killing

A

Kill over a period of time but assume normal identity between murders - eg zodiac, Ted Bundy

40
Q

Intimate partner violence

A

Violence against a spousal partner or unmarried partner - no need to live together

41
Q

Domestic violence

A

Violence against family, partner or in a care relationship

42
Q

Interpersonal violence

A

Violence against a person or members of a group because they share a racial/gender/sexual/religious characteristic

43
Q

Stalking

A

Course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated physical or visual proximity

44
Q

Miscarriage of justice

A

Identified when a court overturns a conviction upon appeal

45
Q

Human perception

A

What a person sees, senses and experiences

46
Q

Human memory - acquisition

A

Encoding of stimuli

47
Q

Human memory - retention

A

Storage of information

48
Q

Human memory - retrieval

A

Accessing and communicating stored material

49
Q

10-12 second rule

A

Eyewitnesses who identify a person quickly from a lineup tend to be more accurate

50
Q

Estimator variables

A

Beyond control of CJS - related to perception and memory of eyewitness

51
Q

System variables

A

CJS - factors associated with retrieval stage of memory - CI questioning, lineup instructions

Forensic Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions