Definitions

Question 1

Vascular Tissue

Answer 1

Plant tissue that is involved in the transport of substances around the plant. Composed of two types: xylem and phloem

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

Net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Chemical reaction taking place in chloroplasts converting light energy to chemical energy in the form of glucose. Using water and carbon dioxide

Question 4

Xylem

Answer 4

Type of vascular tissue in plants transporting water and dissolved inorganic ions

Question 5

Phloem

Answer 5

Type of vascular tissue in plants transporting mainly assimilates (sucrose and amino acids) and some dissolved inorganic ions

Question 6

Root hair cell

Answer 6

Specialised cell found in roots of plants adapted to have a large surface area for uptake of substances from soil

Question 7

Epidermis

Answer 7

Surface layer of cells in organs of plants

Question 8

Cortex

Answer 8

Area of cells in stem or root which lies between epidermis and centre made up of unspecialised parenchyma tissue

Question 9

Steele

Answer 9

Structure found in centre of root containing pericycle and vascular tissues and is surrounded by epidermis

Question 10

Endodermis

Answer 10

Layer of cells containing casparian strip of Suberin surrounding Steele of the root

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

Net movement of water from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane as a result of random movement

Question 12

Lignin

Answer 12

strong waterproof substance found in walls of xylem elements

Question 13

Apoplast pathway

Answer 13

Route taken by water as it moves across the plant by passing through the cell walls and spaces between cells

Question 14

Symplast pathway

Answer 14

Route taken by water as it passes across the plant by passing through cells

Question 15

Cohesion

Answer 15

Attractive force between water molecules which holds them together by hydrogen bonding

Question 16

Adhesion

Answer 16

A force that attracts water molecules to a surface by hydrogen bonding (eg lignin in xylem vessel walls)

Question 17

Potometer

Answer 17

Apparatus used to measure rate of water uptake by a leafy shoot

Question 18

Xerophyte

Answer 18

Plant adapted to harsh conditions where water is in short supply

Question 19

Transpiration

Answer 19

Loss of water from leaf

Question 20

Suberin

Answer 20

Waterproof substance that makes up the casparian strip in the walls of endodermis cells

Question 21

Sieve tube element

Answer 21

Living cells in the phloem through which the sap is transported

Question 22

Companion cell

Answer 22

Metabolically very active cells in the phloem tissue which provide the energy for translocation to take place

Question 23

Translocation

Answer 23

Transport of organic substances (assimilates) by the plant