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Chemistry Final Definitions > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass in grams of one mole of the substance

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2
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in the solution

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3
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution

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4
Q

Concentration

A

The number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution

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5
Q

Standard solution

A

A solution of known concentration

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6
Q

Intramolecular bond

A

Occurring between the atoms within molecules

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7
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

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8
Q

Covalent bond

A

A sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two atoms

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9
Q

Non-polar covalent

A

An equal sharing of electrons

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10
Q

Polar covalent

A

Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming

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11
Q

Ionic bond

A

A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

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12
Q

Metallic bond

A

Bonding between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons

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13
Q

Intermolecular bond

A

A weak force of attraction between molecules or between atoms of nobel gases

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14
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

Reactions which transfer potential energy into thermal energy

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15
Q

Endothermic reactions

A

Reactions which transfer thermal energy into potential energy

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16
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

17
Q

Activated complex

A

Temporary transition state between the reactants and the products

18
Q

Reaction rate

A

The change in concentration per unit time of either a reactant or a product

19
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increase the rate of reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

20
Q

Le Chatelier’s principle

A

When an external stress is applied to a system in chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress

21
Q

Yield

A

A measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by comparing the amount of product against the amount of product that is possible

22
Q

Lowry-Brønsted model

A

An acid is a proton donor

A base is a proton acceptor

23
Q

Strong acid

A

An acid that ionizes almost completely in an aqueous solution

24
Q

Strong base

A

A base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution

25
Q

Salt

A

A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

26
Q

Neutralization

A

The point where an acid and a base have reacted so that neither is in excess

27
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A reaction with water where the water itself is decomposed

28
Q

Oxidation

A

The loss of electrons

29
Q

Reduction

A

The gain of electrons

30
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

A substance that accept electrons

31
Q

Reducing agent

A

A substance that donates electrons

32
Q

Anode

A

The electrode where oxidation takes place

33
Q

Cathode

A

The electrode where reduction takes place

34
Q

Functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms the form the center of chemical activity in the molecule

35
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

36
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous by a single CH2 unit

37
Q

Saturated compound

A

A compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

38
Q

Unsaturated compound

A

A compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

39
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Chemistry Final Definitions (1 decks)

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