Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aqa GCSE PE Flashcards Key Terms > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is meant by Adaptability?

A

The potential to change with ease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adrenalin is….

A

A natural hormone released to speed heart rate up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A muscle or group of muscles that are responsible for a movement.
For example the bicep is the agonist when flexing or bending the arm at the elbow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by the term altitude and what type of athletes would train at altitude?

A

Altitude means a geographical area (of land) which is over 2,000 m above sea level.
Long distance runners may train at altitude to improve their cardiovascular fitness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a) What is altitude training?
b) Why do athletes use it as a method of
training?

A

a) Training at altitude where there is less oxygen.
b) The body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen. The additional oxygen carrying red blood cells is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to sea level to compete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by Altitude sickness?

A

The sickness caused by training at altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is meant by the term Amateur?

A

Someone who:
- Takes part in an activity as a hobby, rather
than as a paid job.
- They would have another main job outside
of sport.
- Takes part in sport for fun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Ability.

A
  • Inherited characteristic.

- Determines our potential to learn new skills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement of a bone or limb towards

the midline of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Aerobic Exercise?

A
  • Working at a low to moderate intensity
  • The body has time to use oxygen for
    energy production.
  • Being able to work for long periods of time. - Summarised as:
    glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is meant by the term aerobic training zone?

A

Training in the aerobic training zone allows the performer to develop their ability to work aerobically. It is 60-80% of their maximum heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we calculate our aerobic training zone?

A
  1. Calculate maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age: 220-age.
  2. Calculate 60% of maximum heart rate.
  3. Calculate 80% of maximum heart rate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is aggression?

A

Deliberate intent to harm or injure another person.
There are 2 types:
Direct aggression and indirect aggression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define agility

A

The ability to move and change direction quickly, at speed, while maintaining control.
For example changing direction in a game of Basketball to dribble the ball around your opponent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are alveoli and where are they found?

A
  • They are small air sacs that are found in the
    lungs.
  • Gaseous exchange takes place here.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Anabolic Steroids?

A

Artificial hormones that mimic testosterone and are illegal in sport.

They increase muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Anaerobic Exercise?

A
  • Working for short periods of time at a high
    intensity.
  • Working without oxygen to breakdown the
    energy stored in our body.
  • Summarised as: glucose → energy + lactic
    acid.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is meant by Anaerobic Training Zone?

A
  • It is 80-90% of their maximum heart rate.
  • Training in the anaerobic training zone
    allows the performer to develop their ability
    to work anaerobically.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an antagonist?

A
  • The muscle or group of muscles that relax
    to allow a movement to take place.
  • The antagonist works in pairs with the
    agonist e.g. the bicep is the agonist and
    the tricep the antagonist when the arm
    flexes at the elbow.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is meant by Arousal?

A

A physical and mental (physiological and psychological) state of alertness/readiness that varies from deep sleep to excitement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is meant by Articulating Bones?

A

Bones that meet at a joint to allow movement to take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is meant by the term axis?

A

An imaginary straight line through the body. There are 3 types of axis:
Sagittal (through the belly button).
Transverse (through the hips).
Longitudinal (head to toe).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Body composition is described as…

A

The percentage of body weight which is fat and non-fat (muscle and bone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When thinking about blood what do we mean by backflow?

A
  • Backflow is when blood flows backwards.
  • Valves prevent blood from flowing
    backwards in veins.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a Carbohydrate?

A
  • The body’s preferred energy source.

- Found in foods such as bread and pasta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Balance

A
  • Maintaining the centre of mass over the
    base of support.
  • Balance can be static or dynamic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A
  • A diet that contains the right quantity of
    food.
  • A diet where you only consume as many
    calories as you expend (use) each day.
  • It is also about getting the correct mix of
    nutrients.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a basic skill?

A

A simple skill that does not require

much concentration to perform.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a beta blocker?

A
  • A drug that calms people down by
    controlling heart rate.
  • They have a relaxing effect.
  • They are often used in archery, shooting
    and snooker as you need a steady hand for
    these sports.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is blood doping?

A
  • Involves removing blood a few weeks
    before competition and then reinjecting it.
  • It increases the amount of red blood cells in
    our blood which means we can transport
    more oxygen around the body to our
    working muscles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Blood Pressure is…

A
  • The pressure that blood is under.
  • Systolic pressure is the pressure the blood
    is under when the heart contracts.
  • Diastolic pressure is the pressure the blood
    is under when the heart relaxes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a calorie?

A
  • A unit of measurement for heat or energy
    production in the body.
  • Usually expressed as Kcal.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole (see Blood pressure) in the atria and ventricles (see Heart chambers).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is circuit training?

A
  • A series of exercise stations.
  • Participants will move around the stations
    working and resting for a certain length of
    time at each station.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Closed season Post (transition)

A
  • A period of rest to recover from the
    season.
  • Players doing gentle aerobic exercise to
    maintain general fitness.
  • Make sure players are fully rested and
    ready for pre-season training.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Competition season (peak)

A
  • Playing season.
    -Taking part in matches every week.
  • Maintaining fitness related to the activity
    but not too much training as it may cause
    players to get tired, which would decrease
    performance.
  • It is also a concentration on skills/set plays
    to improve team performance.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a capillary?

A
  • A network of blood vessels.

- They are only one cell thick.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Define Cardiac Output

A
  • The volume of blood ejected from the
    heart in one minute.
  • Cardiac Output =
    Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
40
Q

What do we mean by the term

Cardio-Respiratory System?

A

When the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system work together.

41
Q

Define Cardiovascular Endurance

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles.

42
Q

What is meant by hydration?

A

Having enough water to enable normal functioning of the body.

43
Q

What is meant by rehydration?

A

Consuming water to restore hydration.

44
Q

What is continuous training?

A
  • Involves working for a sustained period of
    time without rest.
  • It improves cardiovascular fitness. -
  • Sometimes referred to as a steady state
    training.
45
Q

What is a closed skill?

A
  • A skill that is not affected by the
    environment.
  • It is often performed the same way each
    time. e.g a set shot in Basketball.
46
Q

What is commercialisation?

A

The management or exploitation of a person, organisation or activity in a way designed to make a profit (money).
Nike sponsor Ronaldo and use him as a way to sell Nike boots to make money.

47
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

A skill that requires a great deal of concentration and coordination to perform.

48
Q

What is the Contract to Compete?

A

An unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules of the sport.

49
Q

Define Coordination…

A

The ability to use two or more different parts of the body smoothly and efficiently

50
Q

What is Deep Breathing?

A

Taking slow deep breaths whilst relaxed

51
Q

What is Dehydration?

A

Excessive loss of water from the body, interrupting normal functions in the body

52
Q

What is meant by the term Deoxygenated blood?

A

Blood containing a low concentration of oxygen.

53
Q

When talking about blood pressure what is meant by Diastole?

A

The phase of a heart beat when the chambers relax and fill with blood.

54
Q

The Diffusion pathway refers to…

A

The distance travelled during diffusion.

55
Q

Direct Aggression is…

A

An aggressive act that involves physical

contact with others.

56
Q

What are Diuretic Drugs?

A
  • Illegal drugs in sport.
  • They remove fluid from the body by
    increasing the rate of urination.
  • Often taken by athletes like boxers to make
    sure they are within the weight category.
57
Q

DOMS

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness

A

The pain you feel in your muscles the day after exercise.

58
Q

What is Dorsiflexion?

A

Movement at the ankle that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the ankle joint.

59
Q

What is an ectomorph?

A

A somatotype (body type) where people are tall and thin. They have narrow shoulders and narrow hips

60
Q

What do we mean by effort when thinking about levers?

A

Effort is the force required to move the load. It is also known as force.

61
Q

When thinking about levers what does the term effort arm mean?

A

The distance from the effort to the fulcrum.

62
Q

What is an Endomorph?

A

A somatotype (body type) where the person is pear shaped. They have wide hips and narrow shoulders and usually carry lots of body fat.

63
Q

What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?

A

EPO is a hormone that increases the red blood cell count and therefore increases our ability to carry oxygen in the blood.

64
Q

What do we mean by ettiquette?

A

This is an unwritten rule in an activity, e.g.in football we kick the ball out of play on purpose if a player is injured so they can receive medical attention.

65
Q

What does EPOC stand for?

A

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

66
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

The amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise. It involves breathing deeply and very quickly after exercise.

67
Q

What is the correct term for breathing out?

A

Exhalation

68
Q

What do we mean by Expiratory Reserve Volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forced out after normal expiration.

69
Q

What happens to our Expiratory Reserve Volume during exercise?

A

This decreases during exercise.

70
Q

Extension is….

A

When there is an increase in the angle of
bones at a joint.
For example when we straighten our arm/leg at the elbow/knee.

71
Q

What is an externally paced skill?

A

A skill that is started because of an external factor.

The speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by an external factor e.g. opponent or the environment.

72
Q

Extrinsic Feedback is when…

A

Information a performer receives about their performance comes from outside themselves, e.g. from a coach.

73
Q

Extrinsic Motivation is…

A

The drive to perform well or win

in order to gain external rewards, such as medals, trophies or money.

74
Q

An extrovert is…

A

A sociable, active, talkative and
outgoing personality type
usually associated with
team sports.

75
Q

What is Fatigue?

A

A feeling of extreme tiredness due to a build up of lactic acid in the muscles or working for a long period of time.

76
Q

What do we mean by the term feedback?

A

The information a performer receives about their performance.

77
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

A muscle contraction where the length of the muscle does not change when it contracts. There is no limb movement with this type of contraction.

78
Q

Kinaesthetic Feedback is…

A

Feedback received by receptors in the muscles.

79
Q

What is Lactic Acid?

A

A mild poison and waste product of anaerobic respiration. It stops the muscles from working, causing the performer to stop exercising.

80
Q

An Embolism is…

A

Blockage of a blood vessel causing it to bulge.

81
Q

Fartlek training is…

A

Swedish for ‘speed play’. Periods of fast work with intermittent periods of slower work. Often used by games players, ie sprint, jog, walk, jog, sprint, etc.

82
Q

Goal setting is a

A

A method to increase motivation and reduce anxiety.

83
Q

What is a S.M.A.R.T goal?

A

Goals should be SMART:
Specific – specific to the demands of the sport/muscles used/movements used. Measureable – it must be possible to measure whether they have been met Accepted – they must be accepted by the performer and others involved, eg coach Realistic – they are actually possible to complete
Time bound – over a set period of time.

84
Q

Performance goals are…

A

Personal standards to be achieved. Performers compare themselves against what they have already done or suggest what they are going to do. There is no comparison with other performers.
e.g improving on a personal best time in 100m sprint

85
Q

Outcome goals are…

A

A goal where the focus in on the end result/winning.

86
Q

What do we mean by ill health?

A

A state of poor physical, mental and/or social well-being.

87
Q

What happens to the heart during a heart attack?

A

It occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked.

88
Q

How many chambers are in the heart?

A

4

89
Q

Can you name the chambers of the heart?

A

Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium

90
Q

What is meant by HITT?

A

High intensity interval training.

It’s an exercise strategy alternating periods of short intense anaerobic exercise with less intense recovery periods.

91
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

High blood pressure in the arteries.

92
Q

Describe Interval training

A

Periods of training/work that are followed by periods of rest, eg work, rest, work, rest

93
Q

What is an Isotonic contraction ?

A

Muscle contraction that results in limb movement

94
Q

What is meant by the term concentric contraction?

A

Shortening of the muscle.

95
Q

What is a Eccentric contraction?

A

Lengthening of the muscle.

Aqa GCSE PE Flashcards Key Terms (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions