Definitions Flashcards
What is meant by Adaptability?
The potential to change with ease
Adrenalin is….
A natural hormone released to speed heart rate up.
What is an agonist?
A muscle or group of muscles that are responsible for a movement.
For example the bicep is the agonist when flexing or bending the arm at the elbow.
What is meant by the term altitude and what type of athletes would train at altitude?
Altitude means a geographical area (of land) which is over 2,000 m above sea level.
Long distance runners may train at altitude to improve their cardiovascular fitness.
a) What is altitude training?
b) Why do athletes use it as a method of
training?
a) Training at altitude where there is less oxygen.
b) The body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen. The additional oxygen carrying red blood cells is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to sea level to compete.
What is meant by Altitude sickness?
The sickness caused by training at altitude
What is meant by the term Amateur?
Someone who:
- Takes part in an activity as a hobby, rather
than as a paid job.
- They would have another main job outside
of sport.
- Takes part in sport for fun.
What is abduction?
Movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body.
Define Ability.
- Inherited characteristic.
- Determines our potential to learn new skills.
What is adduction?
Movement of a bone or limb towards
the midline of the body.
What is Aerobic Exercise?
- Working at a low to moderate intensity
- The body has time to use oxygen for
energy production. - Being able to work for long periods of time. - Summarised as:
glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water.
What is meant by the term aerobic training zone?
Training in the aerobic training zone allows the performer to develop their ability to work aerobically. It is 60-80% of their maximum heart rate.
How do we calculate our aerobic training zone?
- Calculate maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age: 220-age.
- Calculate 60% of maximum heart rate.
- Calculate 80% of maximum heart rate.
What is aggression?
Deliberate intent to harm or injure another person.
There are 2 types:
Direct aggression and indirect aggression.
Define agility
The ability to move and change direction quickly, at speed, while maintaining control.
For example changing direction in a game of Basketball to dribble the ball around your opponent.
What are alveoli and where are they found?
- They are small air sacs that are found in the
lungs. - Gaseous exchange takes place here.
What are Anabolic Steroids?
Artificial hormones that mimic testosterone and are illegal in sport.
They increase muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time.
What is Anaerobic Exercise?
- Working for short periods of time at a high
intensity. - Working without oxygen to breakdown the
energy stored in our body. - Summarised as: glucose → energy + lactic
acid.
What is meant by Anaerobic Training Zone?
- It is 80-90% of their maximum heart rate.
- Training in the anaerobic training zone
allows the performer to develop their ability
to work anaerobically.
What is an antagonist?
- The muscle or group of muscles that relax
to allow a movement to take place. - The antagonist works in pairs with the
agonist e.g. the bicep is the agonist and
the tricep the antagonist when the arm
flexes at the elbow.
What is meant by Arousal?
A physical and mental (physiological and psychological) state of alertness/readiness that varies from deep sleep to excitement.
What is meant by Articulating Bones?
Bones that meet at a joint to allow movement to take place.
What is meant by the term axis?
An imaginary straight line through the body. There are 3 types of axis:
Sagittal (through the belly button).
Transverse (through the hips).
Longitudinal (head to toe).
Body composition is described as…
The percentage of body weight which is fat and non-fat (muscle and bone).