definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system

A

consists of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and the spinal chord and is the origin of all complex commands and decisions

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

sends information to the CNS from the outside world and transmits messages from the CNS to muscles and glands in the body

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4
Q

somatic nervous system

A

transmits information from receptor cells in sense organs to the CNS. It also receives information from the CNS that directs muscles to act

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

transmits information to and from internal bodily organs. The system operates involuntarily. it has two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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6
Q

Neuron

A

nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

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7
Q

sensory neurons

A

these carry messages from the PNS to the CNS

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8
Q

relay neurons

A

These connect the sensory neurons to the motor and other sensory neurons

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9
Q

motor neurons

A

these connect the CNS to effectors e.g. muscles and glands

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10
Q

synaptic transmission

A

the process by which neurones communicate by sending neurotransmitters across the synapse between each other

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11
Q

neurotransmitters

A

brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles that relay signals across the synapse from one neuron to the other. They either perform the excitatory function or an inhibitory function

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12
Q

Excitation

A

when a neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of the post synaptic neuron. This increases the likelihood that the neuron will pass on the electrical impulse e.g. adrenaline

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13
Q

inhibition

A

when a neurotransmitter increases the negative charge of the post synaptic neuron. This decreases the likelihood that the neuron will pass on the electrical impulse e.g. serotonin

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