definitions

Question 1

idealism

Answer 1

anti-realist theory of perception-all that exists are minds and their ideas

Question 2

realism

Answer 2

physical objects have independent existence of our perception

Question 3

direct realism

Answer 3

physical objects have an independent existence in space

Question 4

indirect realism

Answer 4

the view that immediate objects of perception are sense data and physical world is perceived indirectly via sense data

Question 5

sense data

Answer 5

subjective elements which constitute experience

what one is directly aware of in perception

Question 6

primary quality

Answer 6

a part of a physical object such as size and shape we are able to perceive in indirect realism

Question 7

epistemology

Answer 7

the theory of knowledge which looks at what it is possible to know

Question 8

propositional knowledge

Answer 8

knowing that something is true or false

Question 9

acquaintance knowledge

Answer 9

knowing something by experience

Question 10

ability knowledge

Answer 10

knowing how to practically do something without being able to verbally articulate how it is done

Question 11

tripartite view of knowledge

Answer 11

knowledge is defined as justified true belief and these conditions are jointly sufficient

Question 12

infallibilism

Answer 12

the claim that knowledge contains ideas and thoughts that cannot be doubted

Question 13

false lemma

Answer 13

a false belief used to justify another proposition

Question 14

no false lemmas condition

Answer 14

a condition of a revised definition of knowledge that eliminates Gettier style examples of coincidental situations

Question 15

reliabilism

Answer 15

the claim that knowledge is a true belief produced by a reliable process

Question 16

virtue epistemology

Answer 16

the claim that knowledge is a true belief produced by the intellectual virtues of a person

Question 17

empiricism

Answer 17

the theory that all concepts are copies of sense impressions and all synthetic knowledge is a posteriori

Question 18

rationalism

Answer 18

the belief that there exists some synthetic a priori knowledge

Question 19

a priori knowledge

Answer 19

Knowledge gained independently from experience

Question 20

a posteriori knowledge

Answer 20

A belief that can only be known via experience of the world

Question 21

analytic truth

Answer 21

A proposition that is true in virtue of the meanings of the word alone and is true by definition

Question 22

synthetic truth

Answer 22

Truths that cannot be determined by analysing the meanings of the terms involved

Question 23

necessary truth

Answer 23

A truth where imagining the opposite is logically impossible and it is true in all possible worlds

Question 24

contingent truth

Answer 24

A truth where imagining the opposite is logically possible

Question 25

inductive argument

Answer 25

An argument where the truth of the conclusion is not fully guaranteed by the truth of the premises

Question 26

deductive argument

Answer 26

An argument where the truth of the conclusion is guaranteed by the truth of the premises

Question 27

locke’s theory of tabula rasa

Answer 27

the theory that at birth the mind is a blank state and there are no innate ideas

Question 28

simple idea

Answer 28

the most basic unit of human thought, a combination of simple ideas creates a complex idea